ljubiti

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Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ľubiti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰéyeti, from *lewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʎǔːbiti/
  • Hyphenation: lju‧bi‧ti

Verb

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ljúbiti impf (Cyrillic spelling љу́бити)

  1. (transitive) to kiss
  2. (reflexive) to kiss each other
  3. (transitive, intransitive) to love
  4. (reflexive) to love each other
  5. (transitive) to be devoted to
  6. (transitive) to dote upon, idolize
  7. (transitive) to fondle, hug

Conjugation

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Conjugation of ljubiti
Infinitive: ljubiti Present verbal adverb: ljúbēći Past verbal adverb: — Verbal noun: ljúbljēnje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present ljubim ljubiš ljubi ljubimo ljubite ljube
Future Future I ljubit ću1
ljubiću 		ljubit ćeš1
ljubićeš 		ljubit će1
ljubiće 		ljubit ćemo1
ljubićemo 		ljubit ćete1
ljubićete 		ljubit će1
ljubiće
Future II bȕdēm ljubio2 bȕdēš ljubio2 bȕdē ljubio2 bȕdēmo ljubili2 bȕdēte ljubili2 bȕdū ljubili2
Past Perfect ljubio sam2 ljubio si2 ljubio je2 ljubili smo2 ljubili ste2 ljubili su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam ljubio2 bȉo si ljubio2 bȉo je ljubio2 bíli smo ljubili2 bíli ste ljubili2 bíli su ljubili2
Imperfect ljubljah ljubljaše ljubljaše ljubljasmo ljubljaste ljubljahu
Conditional I ljubio bih2 ljubio bi2 ljubio bi2 ljubili bismo2 ljubili biste2 ljubili bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih ljubio2 bȉo bi ljubio2 bȉo bi ljubio2 bíli bismo ljubili2 bíli biste ljubili2 bíli bi ljubili2
Imperative — ljubi — ljubimo ljubite —
Active past participle ljubio m / ljubila f / ljubilo n ljubili m / ljubile f / ljubila n
Passive past participle ljubljen m / ljubljena f / ljubljeno n ljubljeni m / ljubljene f / ljubljena n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

Derived terms

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Slovene

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *ľubiti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ljaubī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *lowbʰéyeti, from *lewbʰ-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ljubìːti/, /ljubíːti/, /ljùːbiti/, /ljúːbiti/
  • Hyphenation: lju‧bi‧ti

Verb

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ljubīti or ljūbiti impf

  1. to love
    Antonym: sovražīti
    Ljubim te. ― I love you.
  2. (reflexive) to make love

Inflection

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-iti -im
infinitive ljubīti, ljūbiti
1st singular ljūbim
infinitive ljubīti, ljūbiti ljūbit
supine ljūbit
verbal noun ljūbljenje
participle converb
present ljubȅč —
past ljūbljen —
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular ljūbił ljubȋla ljubílo
dual ljubíla ljubíli ljubíli
plural ljubíli ljubíle ljubíla
present imperative
1st singular ljūbim —
2nd singular ljūbiš ljūbi
3rd singular ljūbi —
1st dual ljūbiva ljūbiva, ljubȋva
2nd dual ljūbita ljūbita, ljubȋta
3rd dual ljūbita —
1st plural ljūbimo ljūbimo, ljubȋmo
2nd plural ljūbite ljūbite, ljubȋte
3rd plural ljūbijo —

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “ljubiti”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024
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