From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Zulu -lingana, from Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
lingana
- to be equal to
-lingana (infinitive kulingana)
- Reciprocal form of -linga: to be equal, to be similar
- to proclaim (especially a proclamation to God)
Conjugation of -lingana
|
Positive present
|
-nalingana
|
Subjunctive
|
-lingane
|
Negative
|
-lingani
|
Imperative singular
|
lingana
|
|
Infinitives
|
|
Imperatives
|
|
Tensed forms
|
Habitual
|
hulingana
|
Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -lilingana
|
Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kulingana
|
|
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nalingana)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
ninalingana/nalingana
|
tunalingana
|
2nd person
|
unalingana
|
mnalingana
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
analingana
|
wanalingana
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nalingana
|
|
Negative present (negative subject concord + -lingani)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
silingani
|
hatulingani
|
2nd person
|
hulingani
|
hamlingani
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
halingani
|
hawalingani
|
other classes
|
negative subject concord + -lingani
|
|
Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -talingana
|
Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -talingana
|
|
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -lingane)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
1st person
|
nilingane
|
tulingane
|
2nd person
|
ulingane
|
mlingane
|
3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
alingane
|
walingane
|
other classes
|
positive subject concord + -lingane
|
|
Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -silingane
|
Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngelingana
|
Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singelingana
|
Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalilingana
|
Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalilingana
|
|
|
Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -melingana
|
"Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshalingana
|
"Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jalingana
|
"If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kilingana
|
"If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipolingana
|
Consecutive
|
kalingana / positive subject concord + -kalingana
|
Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kalingane
|
Object concord
|
—
|
|
|
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
-língana
- (intransitive) to be equal [with na- ‘to’]
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
-língana
- (intransitive) to be equal [with na- ‘to’]
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
From Proto-Bantu *-dɪ̀ngana.
-lingana
- (intransitive) to be equal [with na- ‘to’]
- (intransitive) to be balanced, level, even
- (intransitive) to fit, to suit
- (intransitive) to suffice
Tone L
|
Infinitive
|
ukulingana
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukulingana
|
ukungalingani
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
lingana
|
-lingane
|
Plural
|
linganani
|
-linganeni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyalingana, ngilingana
|
engilinganayo, engilingana
|
ngilingana
|
angilingani
|
engingalingani
|
ngingalingani
|
2nd singular
|
uyalingana, ulingana
|
olinganayo, olingana
|
ulingana
|
awulingani
|
ongalingani
|
ungalingani
|
1st plural
|
siyalingana, silingana
|
esilinganayo, esilingana
|
silingana
|
asilingani
|
esingalingani
|
singalingani
|
2nd plural
|
niyalingana, nilingana
|
enilinganayo, enilingana
|
nilingana
|
anilingani
|
eningalingani
|
ningalingani
|
Class 1
|
uyalingana, ulingana
|
olinganayo, olingana
|
elingana
|
akalingani
|
ongalingani
|
engalingani
|
Class 2
|
bayalingana, balingana
|
abalinganayo, abalingana
|
belingana
|
abalingani
|
abangalingani
|
bengalingani
|
Class 3
|
uyalingana, ulingana
|
olinganayo, olingana
|
ulingana
|
awulingani
|
ongalingani
|
ungalingani
|
Class 4
|
iyalingana, ilingana
|
elinganayo, elingana
|
ilingana
|
ayilingani
|
engalingani
|
ingalingani
|
Class 5
|
liyalingana, lilingana
|
elilinganayo, elilingana
|
lilingana
|
alilingani
|
elingalingani
|
lingalingani
|
Class 6
|
ayalingana, alingana
|
alinganayo, alingana
|
elingana
|
awalingani
|
angalingani
|
engalingani
|
Class 7
|
siyalingana, silingana
|
esilinganayo, esilingana
|
silingana
|
asilingani
|
esingalingani
|
singalingani
|
Class 8
|
ziyalingana, zilingana
|
ezilinganayo, ezilingana
|
zilingana
|
azilingani
|
ezingalingani
|
zingalingani
|
Class 9
|
iyalingana, ilingana
|
elinganayo, elingana
|
ilingana
|
ayilingani
|
engalingani
|
ingalingani
|
Class 10
|
ziyalingana, zilingana
|
ezilinganayo, ezilingana
|
zilingana
|
azilingani
|
ezingalingani
|
zingalingani
|
Class 11
|
luyalingana, lulingana
|
olulinganayo, olulingana
|
lulingana
|
alulingani
|
olungalingani
|
lungalingani
|
Class 14
|
buyalingana, bulingana
|
obulinganayo, obulingana
|
bulingana
|
abulingani
|
obungalingani
|
bungalingani
|
Class 15
|
kuyalingana, kulingana
|
okulinganayo, okulingana
|
kulingana
|
akulingani
|
okungalingani
|
kungalingani
|
Class 17
|
kuyalingana, kulingana
|
okulinganayo, okulingana
|
kulingana
|
akulingani
|
okungalingani
|
kungalingani
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngilinganile, ngilinganē
|
engilinganile, engilinganē
|
ngilinganile, ngilinganē
|
angilingananga
|
engingalingananga
|
ngingalingananga
|
2nd singular
|
ulinganile, ulinganē
|
olinganile, olinganē
|
ulinganile, ulinganē
|
awulingananga
|
ongalingananga
|
ungalingananga
|
1st plural
|
silinganile, silinganē
|
esilinganile, esilinganē
|
silinganile, silinganē
|
asilingananga
|
esingalingananga
|
singalingananga
|
2nd plural
|
nilinganile, nilinganē
|
enilinganile, enilinganē
|
nilinganile, nilinganē
|
anilingananga
|
eningalingananga
|
ningalingananga
|
Class 1
|
ulinganile, ulinganē
|
olinganile, olinganē
|
elinganile, elinganē
|
akalingananga
|
ongalingananga
|
engalingananga
|
Class 2
|
balinganile, balinganē
|
abalinganile, abalinganē
|
belinganile, belinganē
|
abalingananga
|
abangalingananga
|
bengalingananga
|
Class 3
|
ulinganile, ulinganē
|
olinganile, olinganē
|
ulinganile, ulinganē
|
awulingananga
|
ongalingananga
|
ungalingananga
|
Class 4
|
ilinganile, ilinganē
|
elinganile, elinganē
|
ilinganile, ilinganē
|
ayilingananga
|
engalingananga
|
ingalingananga
|
Class 5
|
lilinganile, lilinganē
|
elilinganile, elilinganē
|
lilinganile, lilinganē
|
alilingananga
|
elingalingananga
|
lingalingananga
|
Class 6
|
alinganile, alinganē
|
alinganile, alinganē
|
elinganile, elinganē
|
awalingananga
|
angalingananga
|
engalingananga
|
Class 7
|
silinganile, silinganē
|
esilinganile, esilinganē
|
silinganile, silinganē
|
asilingananga
|
esingalingananga
|
singalingananga
|
Class 8
|
zilinganile, zilinganē
|
ezilinganile, ezilinganē
|
zilinganile, zilinganē
|
azilingananga
|
ezingalingananga
|
zingalingananga
|
Class 9
|
ilinganile, ilinganē
|
elinganile, elinganē
|
ilinganile, ilinganē
|
ayilingananga
|
engalingananga
|
ingalingananga
|
Class 10
|
zilinganile, zilinganē
|
ezilinganile, ezilinganē
|
zilinganile, zilinganē
|
azilingananga
|
ezingalingananga
|
zingalingananga
|
Class 11
|
lulinganile, lulinganē
|
olulinganile, olulinganē
|
lulinganile, lulinganē
|
alulingananga
|
olungalingananga
|
lungalingananga
|
Class 14
|
bulinganile, bulinganē
|
obulinganile, obulinganē
|
bulinganile, bulinganē
|
abulingananga
|
obungalingananga
|
bungalingananga
|
Class 15
|
kulinganile, kulinganē
|
okulinganile, okulinganē
|
kulinganile, kulinganē
|
akulingananga
|
okungalingananga
|
kungalingananga
|
Class 17
|
kulinganile, kulinganē
|
okulinganile, okulinganē
|
kulinganile, kulinganē
|
akulingananga
|
okungalingananga
|
kungalingananga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngālingana
|
engālingana
|
ngālingana
|
angilingananga
|
engingalingananga
|
ngingalingananga
|
2nd singular
|
wālingana
|
owālingana
|
wālingana
|
awulingananga
|
ongalingananga
|
ungalingananga
|
1st plural
|
sālingana
|
esālingana
|
sālingana
|
asilingananga
|
esingalingananga
|
singalingananga
|
2nd plural
|
nālingana
|
enālingana
|
nālingana
|
anilingananga
|
eningalingananga
|
ningalingananga
|
Class 1
|
wālingana
|
owālingana
|
ālingana
|
akalingananga
|
ongalingananga
|
engalingananga
|
Class 2
|
bālingana
|
abālingana
|
bālingana
|
abalingananga
|
abangalingananga
|
bengalingananga
|
Class 3
|
wālingana
|
owālingana
|
wālingana
|
awulingananga
|
ongalingananga
|
ungalingananga
|
Class 4
|
yālingana
|
eyālingana
|
yālingana
|
ayilingananga
|
engalingananga
|
ingalingananga
|
Class 5
|
lālingana
|
elālingana
|
lālingana
|
alilingananga
|
elingalingananga
|
lingalingananga
|
Class 6
|
ālingana
|
ālingana
|
ālingana
|
awalingananga
|
angalingananga
|
engalingananga
|
Class 7
|
sālingana
|
esālingana
|
sālingana
|
asilingananga
|
esingalingananga
|
singalingananga
|
Class 8
|
zālingana
|
ezālingana
|
zālingana
|
azilingananga
|
ezingalingananga
|
zingalingananga
|
Class 9
|
yālingana
|
eyālingana
|
yālingana
|
ayilingananga
|
engalingananga
|
ingalingananga
|
Class 10
|
zālingana
|
ezālingana
|
zālingana
|
azilingananga
|
ezingalingananga
|
zingalingananga
|
Class 11
|
lwālingana
|
olwālingana
|
lwālingana
|
alulingananga
|
olungalingananga
|
lungalingananga
|
Class 14
|
bālingana
|
obālingana
|
bālingana
|
abulingananga
|
obungalingananga
|
bungalingananga
|
Class 15
|
kwālingana
|
okwālingana
|
kwālingana
|
akulingananga
|
okungalingananga
|
kungalingananga
|
Class 17
|
kwālingana
|
okwālingana
|
kwālingana
|
akulingananga
|
okungalingananga
|
kungalingananga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngingalingana
|
—
|
ngingalingana
|
ngingelingane
|
—
|
ngingelingane
|
2nd singular
|
ungalingana
|
—
|
ungalingana
|
ungelingane
|
—
|
ungelingane
|
1st plural
|
singalingana
|
—
|
singalingana
|
singelingane
|
—
|
singelingane
|
2nd plural
|
ningalingana
|
—
|
ningalingana
|
ningelingane
|
—
|
ningelingane
|
Class 1
|
angalingana
|
—
|
engalingana
|
angelingane
|
—
|
engelingane
|
Class 2
|
bangalingana
|
—
|
bengalingana
|
bangelingane
|
—
|
bengelingane
|
Class 3
|
ungalingana
|
—
|
ungalingana
|
ungelingane
|
—
|
ungelingane
|
Class 4
|
ingalingana
|
—
|
ingalingana
|
ingelingane
|
—
|
ingelingane
|
Class 5
|
lingalingana
|
—
|
lingalingana
|
lingelingane
|
—
|
lingelingane
|
Class 6
|
angalingana
|
—
|
engalingana
|
angelingane
|
—
|
engelingane
|
Class 7
|
singalingana
|
—
|
singalingana
|
singelingane
|
—
|
singelingane
|
Class 8
|
zingalingana
|
—
|
zingalingana
|
zingelingane
|
—
|
zingelingane
|
Class 9
|
ingalingana
|
—
|
ingalingana
|
ingelingane
|
—
|
ingelingane
|
Class 10
|
zingalingana
|
—
|
zingalingana
|
zingelingane
|
—
|
zingelingane
|
Class 11
|
lungalingana
|
—
|
lungalingana
|
lungelingane
|
—
|
lungelingane
|
Class 14
|
bungalingana
|
—
|
bungalingana
|
bungelingane
|
—
|
bungelingane
|
Class 15
|
kungalingana
|
—
|
kungalingana
|
kungelingane
|
—
|
kungelingane
|
Class 17
|
kungalingana
|
—
|
kungalingana
|
kungelingane
|
—
|
kungelingane
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizolingana
|
engizolingana
|
ngizolingana
|
angizulingana
|
engingezulingana
|
ngingezulingana
|
2nd singular
|
uzolingana
|
ozolingana
|
uzolingana
|
awuzulingana
|
ongezulingana
|
ungezulingana
|
1st plural
|
sizolingana
|
esizolingana
|
sizolingana
|
asizulingana
|
esingezulingana
|
singezulingana
|
2nd plural
|
nizolingana
|
enizolingana
|
nizolingana
|
anizulingana
|
eningezulingana
|
ningezulingana
|
Class 1
|
uzolingana
|
ozolingana
|
ezolingana
|
akazulingana
|
ongezulingana
|
engezulingana
|
Class 2
|
bazolingana
|
abazolingana
|
bezolingana
|
abazulingana
|
abangezulingana
|
bengezulingana
|
Class 3
|
uzolingana
|
ozolingana
|
uzolingana
|
awuzulingana
|
ongezulingana
|
ungezulingana
|
Class 4
|
izolingana
|
ezolingana
|
izolingana
|
ayizulingana
|
engezulingana
|
ingezulingana
|
Class 5
|
lizolingana
|
elizolingana
|
lizolingana
|
alizulingana
|
elingezulingana
|
lingezulingana
|
Class 6
|
azolingana
|
azolingana
|
ezolingana
|
awazulingana
|
angezulingana
|
engezulingana
|
Class 7
|
sizolingana
|
esizolingana
|
sizolingana
|
asizulingana
|
esingezulingana
|
singezulingana
|
Class 8
|
zizolingana
|
ezizolingana
|
zizolingana
|
azizulingana
|
ezingezulingana
|
zingezulingana
|
Class 9
|
izolingana
|
ezolingana
|
izolingana
|
ayizulingana
|
engezulingana
|
ingezulingana
|
Class 10
|
zizolingana
|
ezizolingana
|
zizolingana
|
azizulingana
|
ezingezulingana
|
zingezulingana
|
Class 11
|
luzolingana
|
oluzolingana
|
luzolingana
|
aluzulingana
|
olungezulingana
|
lungezulingana
|
Class 14
|
buzolingana
|
obuzolingana
|
buzolingana
|
abuzulingana
|
obungezulingana
|
bungezulingana
|
Class 15
|
kuzolingana
|
okuzolingana
|
kuzolingana
|
akuzulingana
|
okungezulingana
|
kungezulingana
|
Class 17
|
kuzolingana
|
okuzolingana
|
kuzolingana
|
akuzulingana
|
okungezulingana
|
kungezulingana
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyolingana
|
engiyolingana
|
ngiyolingana
|
angiyulingana
|
engingeyulingana
|
ngingeyulingana
|
2nd singular
|
uyolingana
|
oyolingana
|
uyolingana
|
awuyulingana
|
ongeyulingana
|
ungeyulingana
|
1st plural
|
siyolingana
|
esiyolingana
|
siyolingana
|
asiyulingana
|
esingeyulingana
|
singeyulingana
|
2nd plural
|
niyolingana
|
eniyolingana
|
niyolingana
|
aniyulingana
|
eningeyulingana
|
ningeyulingana
|
Class 1
|
uyolingana
|
oyolingana
|
eyolingana
|
akayulingana
|
ongeyulingana
|
engeyulingana
|
Class 2
|
bayolingana
|
abayolingana
|
beyolingana
|
abayulingana
|
abangeyulingana
|
bengeyulingana
|
Class 3
|
uyolingana
|
oyolingana
|
uyolingana
|
awuyulingana
|
ongeyulingana
|
ungeyulingana
|
Class 4
|
iyolingana
|
eyolingana
|
iyolingana
|
ayiyulingana
|
engeyulingana
|
ingeyulingana
|
Class 5
|
liyolingana
|
eliyolingana
|
liyolingana
|
aliyulingana
|
elingeyulingana
|
lingeyulingana
|
Class 6
|
ayolingana
|
ayolingana
|
eyolingana
|
awayulingana
|
angeyulingana
|
engeyulingana
|
Class 7
|
siyolingana
|
esiyolingana
|
siyolingana
|
asiyulingana
|
esingeyulingana
|
singeyulingana
|
Class 8
|
ziyolingana
|
eziyolingana
|
ziyolingana
|
aziyulingana
|
ezingeyulingana
|
zingeyulingana
|
Class 9
|
iyolingana
|
eyolingana
|
iyolingana
|
ayiyulingana
|
engeyulingana
|
ingeyulingana
|
Class 10
|
ziyolingana
|
eziyolingana
|
ziyolingana
|
aziyulingana
|
ezingeyulingana
|
zingeyulingana
|
Class 11
|
luyolingana
|
oluyolingana
|
luyolingana
|
aluyulingana
|
olungeyulingana
|
lungeyulingana
|
Class 14
|
buyolingana
|
obuyolingana
|
buyolingana
|
abuyulingana
|
obungeyulingana
|
bungeyulingana
|
Class 15
|
kuyolingana
|
okuyolingana
|
kuyolingana
|
akuyulingana
|
okungeyulingana
|
kungeyulingana
|
Class 17
|
kuyolingana
|
okuyolingana
|
kuyolingana
|
akuyulingana
|
okungeyulingana
|
kungeyulingana
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngilingane
|
ngingalingani
|
2nd singular
|
ulingane
|
ungalingani
|
1st plural
|
silingane
|
singalingani
|
2nd plural
|
nilingane
|
ningalingani
|
Class 1
|
alingane
|
angalingani
|
Class 2
|
balingane
|
bangalingani
|
Class 3
|
ulingane
|
ungalingani
|
Class 4
|
ilingane
|
ingalingani
|
Class 5
|
lilingane
|
lingalingani
|
Class 6
|
alingane
|
angalingani
|
Class 7
|
silingane
|
singalingani
|
Class 8
|
zilingane
|
zingalingani
|
Class 9
|
ilingane
|
ingalingani
|
Class 10
|
zilingane
|
zingalingani
|
Class 11
|
lulingane
|
lungalingani
|
Class 14
|
bulingane
|
bungalingani
|
Class 15
|
kulingane
|
kungalingani
|
Class 17
|
kulingane
|
kungalingani
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
ngalingana
|
ngangalingana, angalingana, angangalingana
|
2nd singular
|
walingana
|
wangalingana, awalingana, awangalingana
|
1st plural
|
salingana
|
sangalingana, asalingana, asangalingana
|
2nd plural
|
nalingana
|
nangalingana, analingana, anangalingana
|
Class 1
|
walingana
|
wangalingana, akalingana, akangalingana
|
Class 2
|
balingana
|
bangalingana, abalingana, abangalingana
|
Class 3
|
walingana
|
wangalingana, awalingana, awangalingana
|
Class 4
|
yalingana
|
yangalingana, ayalingana, ayangalingana
|
Class 5
|
lalingana
|
langalingana, alalingana, alangalingana
|
Class 6
|
alingana
|
angalingana, awalingana, awangalingana
|
Class 7
|
salingana
|
sangalingana, asalingana, asangalingana
|
Class 8
|
zalingana
|
zangalingana, azalingana, azangalingana
|
Class 9
|
yalingana
|
yangalingana, ayalingana, ayangalingana
|
Class 10
|
zalingana
|
zangalingana, azalingana, azangalingana
|
Class 11
|
lwalingana
|
lwangalingana, alwalingana, alwangalingana
|
Class 14
|
balingana
|
bangalingana, abalingana, abangalingana
|
Class 15
|
kwalingana
|
kwangalingana, akwalingana, akwangalingana
|
Class 17
|
kwalingana
|
kwangalingana, akwalingana, akwangalingana
|