ik

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ik"

Translingual

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Symbol

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ik

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Inupiaq.

English

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Phrase

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ik

  1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Alternative letter-case form of IK.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek

Albanian

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Verb

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ik

  1. second-person singular imperative of iki

Angguruk Yali

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Noun

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ik

  1. water

References

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Bergish

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Alternative forms

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  • ek (Barmen (Wuppertal))

Pronoun

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ik

  1. (Mölmsch) I (first person pronoun)

Further reading

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  • H. K. vam Hingberg (that's H. Kühne), Ut auler un neier Tied. Erzählungen in niederdeutscher Mundart [From old and new times (in Low Franconian, more specifically Mölmsch). Stories in Low German dialect (in Standard High German)], 1872 (vol. I)

Danish

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Adverb

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ik

  1. Alternative form of ik'

Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg. See I (English, etymology 3).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (stressed) /ɪk/, (unstressed) /ək/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ik
  • Rhymes: -ɪk

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Declension

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Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe zich uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). 		5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people").

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: ek
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
  • Jersey Dutch: äk
  • Petjo: ik
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: ek

References

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  1. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

German Low German

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Alternative forms

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  • (enclitic) -'k, 'k
  • (Waldeckisch, when strongly emphasised; scientific spelling) ikə
  • ick
  • (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
  • (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
  • (Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area) ek, eck
  • (Low Prussian) öck, eck

Etymology

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From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
    Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
    I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)

Declension

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In Störmede:[1]

1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Nominative ik diu hoi soi iät
(Genitive) (van meune) (van deune) (van seune) (van iähre) (van seune)
Dative meu deu iähne iähr iähne
Accusative soi iät
Plural Nominative weu jeu soi
(Genitive) (van use) (van jiue) (van iähre)
Dative us jiu iähnen
Accusative soi
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  • mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
  • Sauerländisch: mey, mik
  • Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18

Gothic

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Romanization

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ik

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌺

Kaqchikel

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Noun

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ik

  1. sun
  2. chili

Latvian

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Adverb

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ik

  1. every

Marshallese

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Noun

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ik

  1. Alternative spelling of ek

Middle English

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Etymology

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From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
    • circa 1300, Homilies:
      Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
      Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • circa 1390, Chaucer:
      But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

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Middle Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Saxon ik

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I (first person singular nominative)

Declension

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Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

Descendants

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Mokilese

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Pronunciation

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IPA(key): /ˈik/

Noun

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ik

  1. tail

Inflection

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Possessive forms of ik (tight inalienable possession, -i stem)
singular possessor first person ikihoa
second person ikimwen
third person ikin
dual possessors first person inclusive ikisa
first person exclusive ikima
second person ikimwa
third person ikira
plural possessors first person inclusive ikisai
first person exclusive ikimai
second person ikimwai
third person ikirai
remote plural possessors first person inclusive ikihs
first person exclusive ikimi
second person ikimwi
third person ikihr
construct form ikin

North Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt)

  1. I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

Alternative forms

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  • 'k (reduced form)

See also

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Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case masculine referent feminine / neuter referent plural referent
full reduced full reduced attributive independent
singular 1st ik 'k mi man min minen
2nd dü – di dan din dinen
3rd m. hi 'r ham 'n san sin sinen
3rd f. / n. hat at, 't at, 't
plural 1st wi 'f üs üüs üüsen
üsens
2nd jam 'm jam jau jauen
jamens
3rd jo 's jo 's hör hören
hörens
notes The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual forms wat / onk and jat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine jü / hör.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents. The forms üsens, jamens, hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case masculine
referent 		feminine / neuter / plural
referent
full reduced full reduced
singular 1st ik 'k me man min
2nd dü – de dan din
3rd m. hi 'r ham 'n san sin
3rd f. jü 's har 's harn har
3rd n. hat et, 't ham et, 't san sin
plural 1st we üs üüsen üüs
2nd jam 'm jam jarnge
3rd ja 's ja, jam 's jare
notes The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual forms wat / unk and jat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.
Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case singular
referent 		plural referent
full reduced full reduced attributive independent
singular 1st ik 'k mi min minen
2nd dü – di din dinen
3rd m. hi 'r höm 'n sin sinen
3rd f. jü 's höör 's höör höören
3rd n. hat et, 't höm et, 't sin sinen
dual 1st wat unk unken
2nd at junk junken
3rd jat jam 's jaar jaaren
plural 1st wü üüs üüsen
2nd i juu juuen
3rd ja 's jam 's jaar jaaren
notes The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Old Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *ik.

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I

Declension

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Old Dutch personal pronouns
1st person Singular Plural
Nominative ik, ic, ih wī, wīr
Accusative mī, mik, *mic uns, unsig
Genitive mīn unsa, *unser
Dative mī uns, unsig
2nd person Singular Plural
Nominative thu, tu gī, ir
Accusative thī, thik, *thic iu,
Genitive thīn iuwa, *iuwer
Dative thī iu
3rd person Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hē, hie sia it
Accusative imo sia it
Genitive sīn, is iro is
Dative imo iro imo
Plural
Nominative sia, sie (masc. plur.)
Accusative sia, sie (masc. plur.)
Genitive iro
Dative im

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Frisian

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I

Inflection

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Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
singular plural
1st 2nd 3rd m 3rd f 3rd n 1st 2nd 3rd
nominative ik thū hī hiū, hiō hit wī jī hiā
accusative mī thī hine hiā hit ūs jū, jō hiā
dative mī thī him hire, hiāre him ūs jū, jō him, hirem, hiārem
genitive mīn thīn sīn hire, hiāre sīn ūser jūwer hira, hiāra

Descendants

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  • North Frisian: ick, ik
  • Saterland Frisian: iek
  • West Frisian: ik

Old Saxon

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I

Declension

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Old Saxon personal pronouns
Personal pronouns
Singular 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative ik thū hē siu it
Accusative mī, me, mik thī, thik ina sia
Dative mī thī imu iru it
Genitive mīn thīn is ira is
Dual 1. 2. - - -
Nominative wit git - - -
Accusative unk ink - - -
Dative
Genitive unkero, unka

inker, inka

- - -
Plural 1. 2. 3. m 3. f 3. n
Nominative wī, we gī, ge sia sia siu
Accusative ūs, unsik eu, iu, iuu
Dative ūs im
Genitive ūser euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera iro

Descendants

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  • Middle Low German: ik, ek
    • German Low German: ik

Pass Valley Yali

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Noun

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ik

  1. water

References

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Pwaamèi

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *kutu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kutu, from Proto-Austronesian *kuCu.

Noun

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ik

  1. louse

References

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  • Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52

Salar

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Etymology

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From Proto-Turkic *īk. Cognate with Azerbaijani iy, Turkish iğ, Turkmen īk.

Pronunciation

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  • (Shixiang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): [ix]

Noun

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ik

  1. spindle

References

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  • Potanin, G.N. (1893) “их”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427

Tobian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.

Noun

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ik

  1. Fish

Alternative forms

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Vandalic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Germanic *ek

Pronoun

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ik

  1. I

References

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  1. https://glosbe.com/en/xvn/I

Wastek

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Noun

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ik

  1. wind

References

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West Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I (first person singular nominative pronoun)

Inflection

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West Frisian personal pronouns
Number Person Nominative Objective Possessive
Normal Reflexive Determiner Pronoun
Singular First ik my mysels myn mines
Second Informal do/dû1 dy dysels dyn dines
Formal jo jo josels jo jowes
Third Masculine hy him himsels syn sines
Feminine sy/hja1 har harsels har harres
Neuter it it himsels syn sines
Plural First wy ús ússels ús uzes
Second jim(me) jim(me) jimsels/jinsels jim(me) jimmes
Third sy/hja1 har(ren) harsels har(ren) harres
1. Now mostly archaic and unused

Further reading

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  • “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zealandic

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Pronoun

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ik

  1. I
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