hammas

From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas. Doublet of kamm.

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmˑɑs/, [ˈ(h)ɑmˑɑs]
• Rhymes: -ɑmˑɑs
• Hyphenation: ham‧mas

hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)

1. tooth (bone formation in the mouth of a person or animal for grabbing and grinding food)
2. tooth (a protruding sharp point or tab on a tool, machine part, etc.)

Declension of hammas (ÕS type 7/kallas, mb-mm gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		hammas	hambad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	hamba
genitive			hammaste
partitive		hammast	hambaid
illative		hambasse	hammastesse hambaisse
inessive		hambas	hammastes hambais
elative		hambast	hammastest hambaist
allative		hambale	hammastele hambaile
adessive		hambal	hammastel hambail
ablative		hambalt	hammastelt hambailt
translative		hambaks	hammasteks hambaiks
terminative		hambani	hammasteni
essive		hambana	hammastena
abessive		hambata	hammasteta
comitative		hambaga	hammastega

• hambaarst
• hambahari

From Proto-Finnic *hambas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (replacing native Uralic pii < *piŋe),^[1] from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs. Doublet of kampa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑ̝mːɑ̝s̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
• Hyphenation^(key): ham‧mas

hammas

1. tooth (hard, calcareous structure present in the mouth of many vertebrate animals)

   hampaisiin saakka aseistettu ― armed to the teeth

   kiristellä hampaitaan ― to grit one's teeth

   hampaiden oikominen ― orthodontics

2. tooth, cog (projection on the edge of a gear)

   hammasratas ― cogwheel

3. sprocket (tooth of a sprocket wheel)
4. tooth, sawtooth

   Synonym: sahanhammas

5. tine, prong, tooth (spike or point on an implement or tool)

   Synonyms: oka, ota, pii, piikki

6. (botany) tooth, serration (pointed projection from the margin of a leaf)
7. (as modifier in compound terms) toothed (having teeth)

   hammasvalas ― toothed whale

8. (as modifier in compound terms) toothly, dental (of or pertaining to teeth)

   hammasklinikka ― dental clinic

• “hammas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01

From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːəz̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
• (Hevaha) IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
• Hyphenation: ham‧mas

hammas

1. tooth
   • 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[3], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 138:

     Oi-oi, kuin ono hammas kippiä.

     Oh no, how the tooth is aching.

Declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	hammas	hampaat
genitive	hampaan	hampain
partitive	hammasta, hammast	hampaita, hampaja
illative	hampaasse	hampaisse
inessive	hampaas	hampais
elative	hampaast	hampaist
allative	hampaalle	hampaille
adessive	hampaal	hampail
ablative	hampaalt	hampailt
translative	hampaaks	hampaiks
essive	hampaanna, hampaan	hampainna, hampain
exessive1)	hampaant	hampaint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

Soikkola declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	hammas	hampahat, hampaat
genitive	hampahan	hampahiin
partitive	hammasta	hampahia
illative	hampahasse	hampahisse
inessive	hampahaas	hampahiis
elative	hampahast	hampahist
allative	hampahalle	hampahille
adessive	hampahaal	hampahiil
ablative	hampahalt	hampahilt
translative	hampahaks	hampahiks
essive	hampahaan	hampahiin
exessive1)	hampahant	hampahint
1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 43
• Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 30

From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/

hammas (genitive hampahan, partitive hammasta)

1. tooth

Declension of hammas, mm-mp gradation singular plural nominative hammas hammahat genitive hampahan hampahien partitive hammasta hammahie inessive hampahassa hampahissa elative hampahasta hampahista illative hampahah hampahih adessive hampahalla hampahilla ablative hampahalta hampahilta essive hampahana hampahina translative hampahaksi hampahiksi abessive hampahatta hampahitta instructive hampahin comitative hampahineh

• P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, pages 48-49

From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas.

hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)

1. tooth