fúl
Appearance
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finno-Ugric *puwɜ- (*puŋɜ-) (“to suffocate, drown”)[1] + -l (frequentative suffix).[2] Related to Erzya повамс (povams).
Verb
[edit]fúl
- (intransitive, archaic) to drown, get suffocated (in something: -ba/-be)
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of fúl
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlok | fúlsz | fúl | fúlunk | fúltok | fúlnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | fúltam | fúltál | fúlt | fúltunk | fúltatok | fúltak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fúlni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fúlék | fúlál | fúla | fúlánk | fúlátok | fúlának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fúl vala, fúlt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fúlandok | fúlandasz | fúland | fúlandunk | fúlandotok | fúlandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlnék | fúlnál | fúlna | fúlnánk | fúlnátok | fúlnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fúlt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fúljak | fúlj or fúljál |
fúljon | fúljunk | fúljatok | fúljanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fúlt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | fúlni | fúlnom | fúlnod | fúlnia | fúlnunk | fúlnotok | fúlniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
fúlás | fúló | fúlt | ― | fúlva (fúlván) | |||||
potential conjugation of fúl
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlhatok | fúlhatsz | fúlhat | fúlhatunk | fúlhattok | fúlhatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | fúlhattam | fúlhattál | fúlhatott | fúlhattunk | fúlhattatok | fúlhattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fúlhaték | fúlhatál | fúlhata | fúlhatánk | fúlhatátok | fúlhatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fúlhat vala, fúlhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fúlhatandok or fúlandhatok |
fúlhatandasz or fúlandhatsz |
fúlhatand or fúlandhat |
fúlhatandunk or fúlandhatunk |
fúlhatandotok or fúlandhattok |
fúlhatandanak or fúlandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlhatnék | fúlhatnál | fúlhatna | fúlhatnánk | fúlhatnátok | fúlhatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fúlhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlhassak | fúlhass or fúlhassál |
fúlhasson | fúlhassunk | fúlhassatok | fúlhassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fúlhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (fúlhatni) | (fúlhatnom) | (fúlhatnod) | (fúlhatnia) | (fúlhatnunk) | (fúlhatnotok) | (fúlhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (fúlhatva / fúlhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Compound words
(With verbal prefixes):
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Ugric *pulɜ- (“to put, stick, stab, thrust”)[3]
Verb
[edit]fúl
Conjugation
[edit]conjugation of fúl
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlok | fúlsz | fúl | fúlunk | fúltok | fúlnak | |
Def. | fúlom | fúlod | fúlja | fúljuk | fúljátok | fúlják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúllak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | fúltam | fúltál | fúlt | fúltunk | fúltatok | fúltak | ||
Def. | fúltam | fúltad | fúlta | fúltuk | fúltátok | fúlták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúltalak | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fúlni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fúlék | fúlál | fúla | fúlánk | fúlátok | fúlának | ||
Def. | fúlám | fúlád | fúlá | fúlánk | fúlátok | fúlák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fúl vala, fúlt vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fúlandok | fúlandasz | fúland | fúlandunk | fúlandotok | fúlandanak | ||
Def. | fúlandom | fúlandod | fúlandja | fúlandjuk | fúlandjátok | fúlandják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlandalak | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlnék | fúlnál | fúlna | fúlnánk | fúlnátok | fúlnának | |
Def. | fúlnám | fúlnád | fúlná | fúlnánk (or fúlnók) |
fúlnátok | fúlnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fúlt volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fúljak | fúlj or fúljál |
fúljon | fúljunk | fúljatok | fúljanak | |
Def. | fúljam | fúld or fúljad |
fúlja | fúljuk | fúljátok | fúlják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúljalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fúlt légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | fúlni | fúlnom | fúlnod | fúlnia | fúlnunk | fúlnotok | fúlniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
fúlás | fúló | fúlt | fúlandó | fúlva (fúlván) | |||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
potential conjugation of fúl
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlhatok | fúlhatsz | fúlhat | fúlhatunk | fúlhattok | fúlhatnak | |
Def. | fúlhatom | fúlhatod | fúlhatja | fúlhatjuk | fúlhatjátok | fúlhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlhatlak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | fúlhattam | fúlhattál | fúlhatott | fúlhattunk | fúlhattatok | fúlhattak | ||
Def. | fúlhattam | fúlhattad | fúlhatta | fúlhattuk | fúlhattátok | fúlhatták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlhattalak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | fúlhaték | fúlhatál | fúlhata | fúlhatánk | fúlhatátok | fúlhatának | ||
Def. | fúlhatám | fúlhatád | fúlhatá | fúlhatánk | fúlhatátok | fúlhaták | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlhatálak | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. fúlhat vala, fúlhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | fúlhatandok or fúlandhatok |
fúlhatandasz or fúlandhatsz |
fúlhatand or fúlandhat |
fúlhatandunk or fúlandhatunk |
fúlhatandotok or fúlandhattok |
fúlhatandanak or fúlandhatnak | ||
Def. | fúlhatandom or fúlandhatom |
fúlhatandod or fúlandhatod |
fúlhatandja or fúlandhatja |
fúlhatandjuk or fúlandhatjuk |
fúlhatandjátok or fúlandhatjátok |
fúlhatandják or fúlandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlhatandalak or fúlandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlhatnék | fúlhatnál | fúlhatna | fúlhatnánk | fúlhatnátok | fúlhatnának | |
Def. | fúlhatnám | fúlhatnád | fúlhatná | fúlhatnánk (or fúlhatnók) |
fúlhatnátok | fúlhatnák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlhatnálak | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fúlhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | fúlhassak | fúlhass or fúlhassál |
fúlhasson | fúlhassunk | fúlhassatok | fúlhassanak | |
Def. | fúlhassam | fúlhasd or fúlhassad |
fúlhassa | fúlhassuk | fúlhassátok | fúlhassák | |||
2nd-p. o. | fúlhassalak | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fúlhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (fúlhatni) | (fúlhatnom) | (fúlhatnod) | (fúlhatnia) | (fúlhatnunk) | (fúlhatnotok) | (fúlhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | fúlható | Neg. adj. | fúlhatatlan | Adv. part. | (fúlhatva / fúlhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Entry #831 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ fúl in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ Entry #1829 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Further reading
[edit]- fúl in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Icelandic
[edit]Adjective
[edit]fúl
- inflection of fúll:
Rohingya
[edit]Noun
[edit]fúl
Categories:
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/uːl
- Rhymes:Hungarian/uːl/1 syllable
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -l
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian verbs
- Hungarian intransitive verbs
- Hungarian terms with archaic senses
- Hungarian verbs taking -ba/-be
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Ugric
- Hungarian terms with obsolete senses
- Hungarian three-letter words
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple verb etymologies
- Icelandic non-lemma forms
- Icelandic adjective forms
- Rohingya lemmas
- Rohingya nouns