encager
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French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]encager
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written encage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of encager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | encager | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | encageant /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | encagé /ɑ̃.ka.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | encage /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
encages /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
encage /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
encageons /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɔ̃/ |
encagez /ɑ̃.ka.ʒe/ |
encagent /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
| imperfect | encageais /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɛ/ |
encageais /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɛ/ |
encageait /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɛ/ |
encagions /ɑ̃.ka.ʒjɔ̃/ |
encagiez /ɑ̃.ka.ʒje/ |
encageaient /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | encageai /ɑ̃.ka.ʒe/ |
encageas /ɑ̃.ka.ʒa/ |
encagea /ɑ̃.ka.ʒa/ |
encageâmes /ɑ̃.ka.ʒam/ |
encageâtes /ɑ̃.ka.ʒat/ |
encagèrent /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | encagerai /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁe/ |
encageras /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁa/ |
encagera /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁa/ |
encagerons /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
encagerez /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁe/ |
encageront /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | encagerais /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
encagerais /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
encagerait /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁɛ/ |
encagerions /ɑ̃.ka.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
encageriez /ɑ̃.ka.ʒə.ʁje/ |
encageraient /ɑ̃.kaʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | encage /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
encages /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
encage /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
encagions /ɑ̃.ka.ʒjɔ̃/ |
encagiez /ɑ̃.ka.ʒje/ |
encagent /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | encageasse /ɑ̃.ka.ʒas/ |
encageasses /ɑ̃.ka.ʒas/ |
encageât /ɑ̃.ka.ʒa/ |
encageassions /ɑ̃.ka.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
encageassiez /ɑ̃.ka.ʒa.sje/ |
encageassent /ɑ̃.ka.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | encage /ɑ̃.kaʒ/ |
— | encageons /ɑ̃.ka.ʒɔ̃/ |
encagez /ɑ̃.ka.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
[edit]- “encager”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.