abikaasa

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Estonian

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Etymology

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abi (help) +‎ kaasa (companion)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɑb̥iˌkɑˑsɑ/, [ˈɑb̥iˌkɑˑsɑ]
  • Rhymes: -ɑˑsɑ
  • Hyphenation: abi‧kaa‧sa

Noun

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abikaasa (genitive abikaasa, partitive abikaasat)

  1. spouse, husband, wife
    Synonyms: kaasa, (specifically a husband) mees, (specifically a wife) naine, (even more specifically a husband) abielumees, (even more specifically a wife) abielunaine
    Jaani abikaasa AnnJohn's wife Ann
    Mari abikaasa JüriMary's husband George

Usage notes

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Estonian often doesn't distinguish gender, so it is common to refer to a husband or wife just as a spouse. Making explicit reference to the spouse's gender (using the synonyms listed above) can be seen as informal or even rude.

Declension

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Declension of abikaasa (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative abikaasa abikaasad
accusative nom.
gen. abikaasa
genitive abikaasade
partitive abikaasat abikaasasid
illative abikaasasse abikaasadesse
inessive abikaasas abikaasades
elative abikaasast abikaasadest
allative abikaasale abikaasadele
adessive abikaasal abikaasadel
ablative abikaasalt abikaasadelt
translative abikaasaks abikaasadeks
terminative abikaasani abikaasadeni
essive abikaasana abikaasadena
abessive abikaasata abikaasadeta
comitative abikaasaga abikaasadega

Derived terms

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References

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  • abikaasa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
  • abikaasa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009