Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/waje

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This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

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Etymology

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Attested only in the traditional Finno-Ugric group. No contrasting Proto-Samoyedic word for 'butter' is known either, however. A loan etymology from Indo-Iranian has been proposed (compare Sanskrit आज्य (ājya, “melted butter for oblation”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ-), but this runs into phonetic difficulties.[1]

Reconstruction

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Traditionally reconstructed as *woje.[2] Finnic *voi however points to earlier *vooji (Sammallahti (1988) reconstructs *wooji already for Proto-Finno-Ugric[3]), where per Aikio long *oo is in turn from original *a, confirmed also by Moksha вай (vaj).[1]

The meaning 'butter' has sometimes been considered anachronistic for Proto-Uralic or Proto-Finno-Ugric, and to represent a later development from earlier generic 'fat'. Häkkinen[4] inversely suggests this word as part of evidence that Proto-Uralic was spoken late enough for its speakers to be at least familiar with agricultural products.

Noun

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*waje

  1. butter

Descendants

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  • Ugric:
    • Hungarian: vaj
    • Proto-Mansi: *waaj
      • Northern Mansi: во̄й (vōj)
      • Southern Mansi: [script needed] (wāj)
      • Eastern Mansi: [script needed] (vuoj)
      • Western Mansi: [script needed] (wāj)
    • Proto-Khanty: *wooj
  • Proto-Permic: *vȯj (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Mari: *ü (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Mordvinic: *vaj (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Samic: *vuojë (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Finnic: *voi (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Luobbal Sámmol Sámmol Ánte (Ante Aikio). 2012. "On Finnic long vowels, Samoyed vowel sequences, and Proto-Uralic *x". In: Hyytiäinen, Tiina; Jalava, Lotta; Saarikivi, Janne; Sandman, Erika (eds.), Per Urales ad Orientem. Iter polyphonicum multilinguae. Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia 264, pp. 227–250.
  2. ^ Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
  3. ^ Sammallahti, Pekka (1988) “Historical Phonology of the Uralic Languages”, in Denis, Sinor, editor, The Uralic Languages: Description, History and Foreign Influences, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 478-554
  4. ^ Häkkinen, Jaakko. 2009. "Kantauralin ajoitus ja paikannus: perustelut puntarissa." ('Dating and locating Proto-Uralic: Weighing the evidence.') Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 92, pp. 9–56.
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