Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-ür

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

• *-ur
• *-r

The roundedness of this suffix are preserved by Old Anatolian Turkish, but in other languages have instead unrounded to *-ir. Also in Turkish and Tatar, this suffix merged with the so-called "aorist" suffix *-er to form an unpredictable choice on simple present suffixes (i.e. Turkish bilir, olur, but eder).

*-ür

1. Suffix creating positive present tense.

   ‎*seb- (“to love”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*sebür (“She/he/it loves.”)

   Antonym: *-meŕ

• *-ti (past tense seen or clear)
• *-miĺ (past tense heard or unclear)
• *-gan (verbal adjective)
• *-sa (verbal adverb; if)
• *-de (locative case)
• *-den (ablative case)
• *-niŋ (genitive case)

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: -ӗр (-ĕr), -ӑр (-ăr), -р (-r)
• Common Turkic:

• *-üŕ
• *-guŕ
• *-güŕ

*-ür

1. Suffix creating causative form of verb.

   ‎*keč- (“to pass”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečür- (“to pass something or someone”)

   ‎*büt- (“to be end”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*bütür- (“to end”)

   Synonyms: *-tur, *-t

1. Unlike the *-tur, it is not a productive suffix in modern Turkic languages. So, if it does not exists, you can not product a new verb with *-Ur, but you can with *tUr.
2. If the verb has this suffix once, then the second time it takes the -t form.

   ‎*kečür- (“to pass someone or something”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečürt- (“to cause to pass someone or something”)

3. The third time it takes this suffix, it takes the form -tUr.

   ‎*kečürt- (“to cause to pass someone or something”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečürttür- (“to cause to cause to pass someone or something”)

4. And if it is asked to take more, it takes the forms -t and -tUr respectively.

   ‎*kečürttür- (“to cause to cause to pass someone or something”) + ‎*-ür → ‎*kečürttürt- (“to cause to cause to cause someone or something”) (Today, Turkic languages do not go that far, but it becomes a grammatically correct verb.)

• *sab-ur-
• *sim-ür-
• *ol-ur-
• *yum-ur-
• *yem-ür-
• *yaš-ur-