Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun

[edit]

*tьmà f[1]

  1. dark, darkness
Declension
[edit]
Declension of *tьmà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *tьmà *tь̀mě *tьmỳ
genitive *tьmỳ *tьmù *tь̀mъ
dative *tьmě̀ *tьmàma *tьmàmъ
accusative *tьmǫ̀ *tь̀mě *tьmỳ
instrumental *tьmòjǫ, *tь̀mǫ** *tьmàma *tьmàmī
locative *tьmě̀ *tьmù *tьmàsъ, *tьmàxъ*
vocative *tьmo *tь̀mě *tьmỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tьma”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 504: “f. ā ‘darkness’”

Further reading

[edit]
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎[2], volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 503

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed from Turkic. Compare Turkish tümän, Kyrgyz түмөн (tümön).

Noun

[edit]
Proto-Slavic numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  1,000 10,000
    Cardinal: *tьma

*tьma f[1]

  1. myriad, ten thousand
Declension
[edit]
Declension of *tьma (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *tьma *tьmě *tьmy
genitive *tьmy *tьmu *tьmъ
dative *tьmě *tьmama *tьmamъ
accusative *tьmǫ *tьmě *tьmy
instrumental *tьmojǫ, *tьmǫ** *tьmama *tьmami
locative *tьmě *tьmu *tьmasъ, *tьmaxъ*
vocative *tьmo *tьmě *tьmy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Marek Stachowski (2005) “Uwagi o zapożyczeniach ałtajskich w języku prasłowiańskim i kwestie pokrewne”, in Ewa Siemieniec-Gołaś, Marzanna Pomorska, editors, Turks and non-Turks. Studies on the history of linguistic and cultural contacts‎[1], volume 10, Kraków, →ISBN, *tъma ~ *tьma, page 445

Further reading

[edit]
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma&oldid=81414772"