Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂eh₃mós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably from *h₂eh₃- (“to be hot, burn”) + *-mós.
Adjective
[edit]*h₂eh₃mós
Declension
[edit]| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₂eh₃mós | *h₂eh₃méh₂ | |
| genitive | *h₂eh₃mósyo | *h₂eh₃méh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂eh₃mós | *h₂eh₃móh₁ | *h₂eh₃móes |
| vocative | *h₂eh₃mé | *h₂eh₃móh₁ | *h₂eh₃móes |
| accusative | *h₂eh₃móm | *h₂eh₃móh₁ | *h₂eh₃móms |
| genitive | *h₂eh₃mósyo | *? | *h₂eh₃móHom |
| ablative | *h₂eh₃méad | *? | *h₂eh₃mómos, *h₂eh₃móbʰos |
| dative | *h₂eh₃móey | *? | *h₂eh₃mómos, *h₂eh₃móbʰos |
| locative | *h₂eh₃méy, *h₂eh₃móy | *? | *h₂eh₃móysu |
| instrumental | *h₂eh₃móh₁ | *? | *h₂eh₃mṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂eh₃méh₂ | *h₂eh₃méh₂h₁(e) | *h₂eh₃méh₂es |
| vocative | *h₂eh₃méh₂ | *h₂eh₃méh₂h₁(e) | *h₂eh₃méh₂es |
| accusative | *h₂eh₃mā́m | *h₂eh₃méh₂h₁(e) | *h₂eh₃méh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₂eh₃méh₂s | *? | *h₂eh₃méh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₂eh₃méh₂s | *? | *h₂eh₃méh₂mos, *h₂eh₃méh₂bʰos |
| dative | *h₂eh₃méh₂ey | *? | *h₂eh₃méh₂mos, *h₂eh₃méh₂bʰos |
| locative | *h₂eh₃méh₂, *h₂eh₃méh₂i | *? | *h₂eh₃méh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₂eh₃méh₂h₁ | *? | *h₂eh₃méh₂mis, *h₂eh₃méh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₂eh₃móm | *h₂eh₃móy(h₁) | *h₂eh₃méh₂ |
| vocative | *h₂eh₃móm | *h₂eh₃móy(h₁) | *h₂eh₃méh₂ |
| accusative | *h₂eh₃móm | *h₂eh₃móy(h₁) | *h₂eh₃méh₂ |
| genitive | *h₂eh₃mósyo | *? | *h₂eh₃móHom |
| ablative | *h₂eh₃méad | *? | *h₂eh₃mómos, *h₂eh₃móbʰos |
| dative | *h₂eh₃móey | *? | *h₂eh₃mómos, *h₂eh₃móbʰos |
| locative | *h₂eh₃méy, *h₂eh₃móy | *? | *h₂eh₃móysu |
| instrumental | *h₂eh₃móh₁ | *? | *h₂eh₃mṓys |
Reconstruction notes
[edit]Sometimes (more traditionally) hypothesized to be its own root *Hem- in o-grade, though this does not easily account for the lengthened grades.[1] Contrarily, reconstructions with a coda laryngeal struggle to explain the reflexes with a short root vowel, but these may be explained either as dialectal pretonic shortening (Dybo's law) or as deletion of the second laryngeal in the cluster, both of which are controversial as sound laws. The values of both laryngeals remain uncertain.[6][4]
Kroonen, comparing this set with Proto-Germanic *ēmǭ (“erysipelas”), reconstructs the root alternatively as *h₁eh₁- (“raw, reddish (of skin)”) with derivatives *h₁éh₁-mon- and *h₁oh₁-mó-.[2]
Derived terms
[edit]- *h₂h₃m-ro- (“sour, bitter; sorrel?”) (or thematicized from *h₂éh₃-mr-)[7][8][9]
- *h₂é(h₃)m-ōl ~ *h₂(h₃)m̥-l-és[10]
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: amuols (“yellow sorrel”)
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic:
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Armenian:[5]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: oms (“Sudden, fast, swift”)
- Proto-Celtic: *omos[6] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *ōmós[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HaHmás
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “? *Hem- 'roh; bitter (?)'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 202–204: “*Hom-o-; *Hō̆m-ó-; ? *Hōm-ó-”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ēmōn- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ampra-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὠμός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1680: “IE *HeHmo- ‘raw’ […] The word probably represents *h₃eHmos or *h₂eh₃mos”
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “hum”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 421–422: “One reconstructs PIE *h₂eh₃-mo- or *h₃eH-mo-”
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*omo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 299
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “Ampfer”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “? *Hem- 'roh; bitter (?)'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 202–204: “? *H(e/o)m-ro-”
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amārus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 37
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ampra/ōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25: “nom. *h₂ém-ōl, gen. *h₂m-l-ós”