Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éyos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative reconstructions
[edit]- *áyos[1]
Etymology
[edit]If a native formation, possibly from a root *h₂ey- (“to burn; fire”) found also in *h₂ey-dʰh₁- (“to set fire”, literally “*put to fire”)[2] and perhaps *h₂ey-er- (“day, morning”).
Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]This is the only word in Proto-Indo-European that unequivocally refers to a metal. There is no word for iron and the words for gold and silver seem to mean “that which shines”, or “the golden” and “the silvery”, respectively. In the early Indo-European languages, this word refers to copper (and bronze), and the Proto-Indo-European word refers with absolute certainty to one of these metals, or both. This shows that the Indo-European language was spoken during a time when copper was used.
Inflection
[edit]| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₂éyos | ||
| genitive | *h₂éyesos | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₂éyos | *h₂éyesih₁ | *h₂éyōs |
| vocative | *h₂éyos | *h₂éyesih₁ | *h₂éyōs |
| accusative | *h₂éyos | *h₂éyesih₁ | *h₂éyōs |
| genitive | *h₂éyesos | *? | *h₂éyesoHom |
| ablative | *h₂éyesos | *? | *h₂éyesmos, *h₂éyesbʰos |
| dative | *h₂éyesey | *? | *h₂éyesmos, *h₂éyesbʰos |
| locative | *h₂éyes, *h₂éyesi | *? | *h₂éyesu |
| instrumental | *h₂éyesh₁ | *? | *h₂éyesmis, *h₂éyesbʰis |
Derived terms
[edit]- *h₂éyesnos
- Proto-Italic: *aeznos (see there for further descendants)
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Germanic: *aiz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háyas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *aos
- Latin: aes
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*aiza-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 16–17
- ^ Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN