Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewgʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*dʰewgʰ- (imperfective)^[1][2] or possibly *dʰewgʰ- (perfective)^[3]

1. to hit (as opposed to missing)^[3]
2. to produce,^[1] to produce something useful^[4]
3. to be strong, have force^[5]

• *dʰéwgʰ-ti ~ *dʰugʰ-énti (athematic root present)
• *dʰu-né-gʰ-ti ~ *dʰu-n-gʰ-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *tunkʰanō
    • Ancient Greek: τυγχάνω (tunkhánō)
      • Greek: τυχαίνω (tychaíno)
• *dʰi-dʰugʰ-sḱé-tor
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: τιτύσκομαι (titúskomai)
• *dʰe-dʰówgʰ-e ~ *dʰe-dʰugʰ-ḗr (stative)
• *dʰugʰ-
  • (possibly) Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: յ-ան-դուգն (y-an-dugn, “bold, rash”)^[6]
• *dʰéwgʰ-o-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰáwgʰas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰáwgʰas
      • Sanskrit: दोहस् (dóhas)
        • ⇒ Sanskrit: दोहसे (doháse)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *téwkʰos
    • Ancient Greek: τεῦχος (teûkhos)
• *dʰúgʰ-eh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *túkʰā
    • Ancient Greek: τύχη (túkhē), τιούχᾱ (tioúkhā), τούχᾱ (toúkhā) — Boeotian, τύχα (túkha) — Laconian, Doric
      • Greek: τύχη (týchi)
• *dʰugʰ-néh₂-
  • Proto-Germanic: *dukkǭ (“power, strength; muscle”) (see there for further descendants)
• *dʰugʰ-o-s
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *dugъ (“strength, power”)
• *dʰugʰ-tó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰugdʰás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dugdʰás
      • Sanskrit: दुग्ध (dugdhá)
• *dʰugh₂tḗr (perhaps)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Albanian: duhet (“must”, verb)
  • Proto-Germanic: *dugunþō (“utility, virtue, strength”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Irish: dual
  • Scottish Gaelic: duan