Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hraukaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Unknown; but apparently cognate with Lithuanian kruvà, krûvà (“pile, heap, stack”), Old Irish crúach (“stack of corn, rick”). Possibly Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”).^[1][2]

• IPA^(key): /ˈxrɑu̯.kɑz/

*hraukaz m

1. pile (of stones); heap

   Synonym: *hrūgǭ

2. haystack

• *hraukilaz

• *hrugjaz (“back, spine, ridge”)
• *hrūgǭ (“heap, pile”)
• *hrukō

• Proto-West Germanic: *hrauk
  • Old English: hrēac, hrēc — Anglian
    • Middle English: rek, reek, reke
      • English: reek, rick
      • Middle Scots: reek, rick
  • Old Saxon: hrōk
  • Old Dutch: *hrouk, *hrōk
    • Middle Dutch: rooc
      • Dutch: rook
• Old Norse: hraukr
  • Icelandic: hraukur
  • Faroese: reykur
  • Norwegian: rauk
  • Old Swedish: rø̄ker
    • Swedish: rök
  • Danish: røg
  • Gutnish: rauk
    • → Swedish: rauk
  • → Middle English: *rowk, roke, rooke
    • Scots: rowke, rouk, rook
• ? Finnic:
  • → Estonian: rõuk
  • → Finnish: röykkiö, roukkio
  • → Ingrian: roukko
  • → Veps: rouk