The Latin first conjugation has a stem ending in a – the infinitive ends in -āre. They descend from Proto-Italic *-āō, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.
amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum — to love
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amō |
I love |
amāmus |
We love
|
| 2nd
|
amās |
You love |
amātis |
You (pl.) love
|
| 3rd
|
amat |
He/she/it loves |
amant |
They love
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amābam |
I was loving |
amābāmus |
We were loving
|
| 2nd
|
amābās |
You were loving |
amābātis |
You (pl.) were loving
|
| 3rd
|
amābat |
He/she/it was loving |
amābant |
They were loving
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amābō |
I will love |
amābimus |
We will love
|
| 2nd
|
amābis |
You will love |
amābitis |
You (pl.) will love
|
| 3rd
|
amābit |
He/she/it will love |
amābunt |
They will love
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amāvī |
I (have) loved |
amāvimus |
We (have) loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāvistī |
You (have) loved |
amāvistis |
You (pl.) (have) loved
|
| 3rd
|
amāvit |
He/she/it/there (has) loved |
amāvērunt |
They (have) loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amāveram |
I had loved |
amāverāmus |
We had loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāverās |
You had loved |
amāverātis |
You (pl.) had loved
|
| 3rd
|
amāverat |
He/she/it had loved |
amāverant |
They had loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amāverō |
I will have loved |
amāverīmus |
We will have loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāverīs |
You will have loved |
amāverītis |
You (pl.) will have loved
|
| 3rd
|
amāverit |
He/she/it will have loved |
amāverint |
They will have loved
|
A form with short -i- (amāverimus) is found in some authors, e.g. Terence, Eunuchus 592, but Cicero and Catullus preferred the form with long -i-, e.g. Catullus 5.10 (with Fordyce's note).
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amor |
I am being loved |
amāmur |
We are being loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāris |
You are being loved |
amāminī |
You (pl.) are being loved
|
| 3rd
|
amātur |
He/she/it is being loved |
amantur |
They are being loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amābar |
I was loved |
amābāmur |
We were loved
|
| 2nd
|
amābāris |
You were loved |
amābāminī |
You (pl.) were loved
|
| 3rd
|
amābātur |
He/she/it was loved |
amābantur |
They were loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amābor |
I will be loved |
amābimur |
We will be loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāberis |
You will be loved |
amābiminī |
You (pl.) will be loved
|
| 3rd
|
amābitur |
He/she/it will be loved |
amābuntur |
They will be loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amātus sum |
I (have been/was) loved |
amātī sumus |
We (have been/were) loved
|
| 2nd
|
amātus es |
You (have been/were) loved |
amātī estis |
You (pl.) (have been/were) loved
|
| 3rd
|
amātus est |
He/she/it (has been/was) loved |
amātī sunt |
They (have been/were) loved
|
Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amātus eram |
I had been loved |
amātī erāmus |
We had been loved
|
| 2nd
|
amātus erās |
You had been loved |
amātī erātis |
You (pl.) had been loved
|
| 3rd
|
amātus erat |
He/she/it had been loved |
amātī erant |
They had been loved
|
Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amātus erō |
I will have been loved |
amātī erimus |
We will have been loved
|
| 2nd
|
amātus eris |
You will have been loved |
amātī eritis |
You (pl.) will have been loved
|
| 3rd
|
amātus erit |
He/she/it will have been loved |
amātī erunt |
They will have been loved
|
Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amem |
I may love |
amēmus |
We may love
|
| 2nd
|
amēs |
You may love |
amētis |
You (pl.) may love
|
| 3rd
|
amet |
He/she/it may love |
ament |
They may love
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amārem |
I should love |
amārēmus |
We should love
|
| 2nd
|
amārēs |
You would love |
amārētis |
You (pl.) would love
|
| 3rd
|
amāret |
He/she/it would love |
amārent |
They would love
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amāverim |
I may have loved |
amāverīmus |
We may have loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāverīs |
You may have loved |
amāverītis |
You (pl.) may have loved
|
| 3rd
|
amāverit |
He/she/it may have loved |
amāverint |
They may have loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amāvissem |
I should have loved |
amāvissēmus |
We should have loved
|
| 2nd
|
amāvissēs |
You would have loved |
amāvissētis |
You (pl.) would have loved
|
| 3rd
|
amāvisset |
He/she/it would have loved |
amāvissent |
They would have loved
|
Passive subjunctive
[edit]
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amer |
I may be loved |
amēmur |
We may be loved
|
| 2nd
|
amēris |
You may be loved |
amēminī |
You (pl.) may be loved
|
| 3rd
|
amētur |
He/she/it may be loved |
amentur |
They may be loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amārer |
I should be loved |
amārēmur |
We should be loved
|
| 2nd
|
amārēris |
You would be loved |
amārēminī |
You (pl.) would be loved
|
| 3rd
|
amārētur |
He/she/it would be loved |
amārentur |
They would be loved
|
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amātus sim |
I may have been loved |
amātī sīmus |
We may have been loved
|
| 2nd
|
amātus sīs |
You may have been loved |
amātī sītis |
You (pl.) may have been loved
|
| 3rd
|
amātus sit |
He/she/it may have been loved |
amātī sint |
They may have been loved
|
Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.
| Person |
Singular |
Meaning |
Plural |
Meaning
|
| 1st
|
amātus essem |
I should have been loved |
amātī essēmus |
We should have been loved
|
| 2nd
|
amātus essēs |
You would have been loved |
amātī essētis |
You (pl.) would have been loved
|
| 3rd
|
amātus esset |
He/she/it would have been loved |
amātī essent |
They would have been loved
|
Note: The participle is inflected for gender and number like a first- and second-declension adjective.
amā! - (singular) Love!
amāte! - (plural) Love!
amātō! - (singular) Love!
amātōte! - (plural) Love!
amātō! - (singular) Let him/her love!
amantō! - (plural) Let them love!
amāre! - (singular) Be loved!
amāminī! - (plural) Be loved!
amātor! - (singular) Be loved!
amātōminī! - (plural) Be loved!
amātor! - (singular) Let him/her be loved!
amantor! - (plural) Let them be loved!
For nominative, the infinitive is used.
Nominative - amāre
Genitive - amandī
Dative - amandō
Accusative - amandum
Ablative - amandō
Infinitives and participles
[edit]Present active infinitive - amāre
Present passive infinitive - amārī
Perfect active infinitive - amāvisse
Perfect passive infinitive - amātus esse
Future active infinitive - amātūrus esse
Future passive infinitive - amātum īrī
Present active participle - amāns
Perfect passive participle - amātus
Future active participle - amātūrus
Future passive participle - amandus
Note: The perfect passive and both future participles are declined like normal 1st/2nd declension adjectives. The present active participle is declined like a 3rd declension adjective with a genitive of amantis. Also, there are no present passive or perfect active participles.
