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==Latin==

===Etymology===
{{root|la|ine-pro|*neḱ-}}
From {{af|la|ob-<pos:{{glossary|prefix}} meaning ‘against; towards’>|noxa<t:harm, hurt, injury; crime, fault, offence>|-ius<pos:{{glossary|suffix}} forming {{glossary|adjective}}s>}}. Ultimately from {{der|la|ine-pro|*neḱ-|t=to disappear; to perish}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{la-IPA}}

===Adjective===
{{la-adj|obnoxius}}

# {{lb|la|Old Latin lemma|chiefly|Late Latin}} [[punishable]], [[liable]], [[guilty]], referring to:
## {{lb|la|rare}} the injured [[party]]
##* {{Q|la|Plautus|Truculentus|4|3|61|quote=Ego tibi mē '''obnoxium''' esse fateor culpae compotem.|trans=I confess I am '''liable''' to you, sharing the guilt.}}
## {{lb|la|with|dative|ablative|or|genitive}} a [[fault]]
##* {{Q|la|Sallust|Bellum Catilinae|52|21|quote={{...}}animus in cōnsulundō līber neque dēlictō neque lubīdinī '''obnoxius'''.|trans={{...}}a spirit free in counsel, '''guilty''' of nether crime nor passion.}}
##* '''''[[circa|c.]]'' 550 {{CE}}''', [[w:Cassiodorus|Cassiodorus]], ''Historia ecclesiastica tripartita'' 6.14.5 in ''[[w:Patrologia Latina|Patrologia Latina]]'' (volume 69), [[w:Jacques-Paul Migne|Jacques-Paul Migne]] (editor), [[w:Paris|Paris]] 1865, [https://archive.org/details/patrologiaecurs144unkngoog/page/n535/mode/1up column 1040]:
##*: Proptereā ergō in suspiciōnem et odium veniēns pāgānōrum, quoniam pūblicē sacrificantēs inspiciēns stābat, et ingemiscēns ōrābat atque clāmābat, nē ūllus Chrīstiānōrum huiusmodī errōre tenērētur '''obnoxius'''.
##*:: He came to be suspected and hated by Pagans, because he stood looking at those sacrificing in public while praying and shouting in a groaning manner, so that none of the Christians would be held '''guilty''' of this sort of error.
## a [[punishment]]
##* {{Q|la|Augustine|City of God|13|3|quote=Quāpropter fatendum est prīmōs quidem hominēs ita fuisse īnstitūtōs, ut, sī nōn peccāssent, nūllum mortis experīrentur genus; sed eōsdem prīmōs peccātōrēs ita fuisse morte multātōs, ut etiam quidquid dē eōrum stirpe esset exortum eādem poenā tenērētur '''obnoxium'''.|trans=Therefore it must be said that the first humans were taught that, were they not to have sinned, they wouldn't have experienced any kind of death, and that the first sinners were rewarded with death so that whatever is born of their kind be held '''liable''' to the same punishment.}}
# [[obliged]], [[indebted]]
#* {{Q|la|Terence|Hecyra|3|1|22|thru=23|quote=Tum uxōrī '''obnoxius''' sum: ita ōlim suō mē ingeniō pertulit,<br>tot meās iniūriās quae numquam in ūllō patefēcit locō.|trans=Then I am '''indebted''' to my wife: such has she, in her good-naturedness, put up with me<br>and with all my injustices which she's never made known anywhere.}}
#* {{Q|la|Arnobius|Adversus gentes|6|2|1|quote={{...}}existimāmus nōs eōs{{...}}nōn vōtōrum dēbitīs habēre '''obnoxiōs''' et obligātōs {{...}}|trans={{...}}we reckon them{{...}}not to hold men '''obliged''' and indebted for the vows they owe{{...}}}}
# [[subject]] to someone, under one's [[authority]]
#* '''30 {{BCE}}''', [[w:Horace|Horace]], ''[[w:Satires (Horace)|Satires]]'' [[s:la:Sermones (Horatius)/Liber alter/Sermo VII - Iamdudum ausculto et cupiens tibi dicere servus|2.7.6–8]]:
#*: Pars hominum vitiīs gaudet cōnstanter et urget<br>prōpositum; pars multa natat, modo rēcta capessēns,<br>interdum prāvīs '''obnoxia'''.
#*:: A portion of men constantly takes joy in vice and stays true to<br>their purpose; a great portion wavers, now engaging in rightful things,<br>other times '''subject''' to sin.
#* {{Q|la|Livy|Ab urbe condita libri|9|5|8|quote=Aliī aliōs intuērī, contemplārī arma mox trādenda et inermēs futūrās dextrās '''obnoxia'''que corpora hostī.|trans=They looked at one another, contemplated the weapons soon to be given up and the right hands soon to be unarmed and the bodies '''subject''' to the enemy.}}
# [[susceptible]] to [[danger]], [[misfortune]], or [[weakness]], [[vulnerable]]
#: {{syn|la|dēbilis|fractus|aeger|tenuis|inops|languidus}}
#: {{ant|la|praevalēns|fortis|potis|potēns|validus|strēnuus|compos}}
# [[liable]] or [[addicted]] to a [[fault]] or [[failing]], [[guilty]] of it
#: {{syn|la|noxius|reus|cōnscius}}
#: {{ant|la|īnsōns|castus|innocēns|innoxius}}
#* '''''[[circa|c.]]'' 140 {{CE}}''', [[w:Marcus Cornelius Fronto|Marcus Cornelius Fronto]], ''Epistles'' [[s:la:Epistulae (Fronto)/M. Frontonis epistularum ad M. Caesarem et invicem liber IV|4.1.3]]:
#*: Invidia perniciōsum inter hominēs malum maximēque internecīvum, sibi aliīsque pariter '''obnoxium'''.
#*:: Envy is a pernicious and most deadly evil along men, just as '''harmful''' to oneself and to others.

====Declension====
{{la-adecl|obnoxius}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|la|obnoxiē}}
* {{l|la|obnoxietās}}
* {{l|la|obnoxiō}}
* {{l|la|obnoxiōsus}}

====Related terms====
{{top2}}
* {{l|la|noceō}}
* {{l|la|noxa}}
* {{l|la|noxālis}}
* {{l|la|noxia}}
* {{l|la|noxiālis}}
* {{l|la|noxietās}}
* {{l|la|noxiōsus}}
* {{l|la|noxitūdō}}
* {{l|la|noxius}}
* {{l|la|obnoxiōsē}}
{{bottom}}

====Descendants====
* {{desc|ca|obnoxi|bor=1}}
* {{desc|en|obnoxious|bor=1}}
* {{desc|pt|obnóxio|bor=1}}
* {{desc|es|obnoxio|bor=1}}

===References===
* {{R:L&S}}
* {{R:Elementary Lewis}}
* {{R:Gaffiot}}
* {{R:M&A}}
* {{R:TLL|obnoxius|9|part=2|124|25|lem=61572}}

{{C|la|Law}}

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