nj

nj U+01CC, nj LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ ← Nj [U+01CB] Latin Extended-B Ǎ → [U+01CD]

• IPA^(key): /ɲ/

nj (upper case Nj)

1. The twentieth letter of the Albanian alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• (Latin-script letters) shkronjë; A a, B b, C c, Ç ç, D d, Dh dh, E e, Ë ë, F f, G g, Gj gj, H h, I i, J j, K k, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Nj nj, O o, P p, Q q, R r, Rr rr, S s, Sh sh, T t, Th th, U u, V v, X x, Xh xh, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

• IPA^(key): /ⁿd͡z/

nj (uppercase Nj)

1. A letter of the Avokaya alphabet.

n (“to, for”) +‎ -j (nisba ending).

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ni/
  • Conventional anglicization: ni

1. of, belonging to
2. made of (a material or composition)
3. of, possessing (a quality)
4. introduces the agent of an infinitive when it is a personal pronoun

This genitival adjective can be used to express the indirect genitive. In this case, it indicates that the noun preceding it, with which it agrees in gender and number, is possessed by the noun which follows it.

In Late Egyptian the functional contrasts of characterization versus specification that distinguished the indirect and direct genitive disappeared, and outside a restricted set of particular words the indirect genitive with nj largely supplanted the direct genitive without it.

In Late Egyptian nj is usually not inflected by gender and number but invariably appears as n. Sometimes the writings of the former feminine and plural forms are used interchangeably with the masculine singular without distinction. The exception is in more formal texts, where the old distinctions and inflections are sometimes still used.

• Coptic: ⲛ̄- (n̄-), ⲙ̄- (m̄-)

Oréal hypothesizes that nj originated as a verb expressing nonexistence or absence in a stative construction, drawing a speculative connection with the attested verb nj (“to rebuff, to drive away”).^[1]

A cognate relation to Proto-Semitic *lā (“no, not”) has also been suggested.

 proclitic

1. (Old Egyptian, with a following noun or pronoun) there is no, there are no; introduces an independent negated existential clause
2. (Old Egyptian) not; negates any sentence
3. (Middle Egyptian) not; negates a nominal sentence, an adjectival sentence of possession, or the rheme of an emphatic clause (used with js; see Usage Notes below)
4. (Middle Egyptian) not; negates most verbal predicates besides infinitival, imperative, and subjunctive forms; forms the negation of the perfect, perfect passive, terminative, perfective, imperfective, prospective, and prospective passive.
5. no, not any; negates an individual noun
6. not; negates other individual words

• When used alone, nj negates the individual word or verbal predicate following it.

• When negating (nonverbal) nominal sentences, adjectival sentences of possession (which start with the genitival adjective n(j) ), and rhemes of emphatic clauses, this particle is typically followed by the first element of the negated clause and then the negative particle js. In Middle Egyptian it cannot negate adjectival sentences which do not indicate possession, nor adverbial sentences, which are instead negated by nn. It also cannot negate verbal sentences that are not emphatic, so the presence of a verb between nj and js always indicates an emphatic clause.

• nj combines with a number of other words to form negative particles with more specialised meanings, for which see the next section.

• >? Late Egyptian: bw

n (“to, for”) +‎ -j (adverbializing suffix).

1. for it, to it, thereto, therefor
2. because of it, therefore

1. Alternative form (before a noun) of n (“to, for”)

• “n.j (lemma ID 850787)”, “n (lemma ID 850806)”, and “n.y (lemma ID 79970)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 43, 66, 71–72, 86–87, 127, 169, 194, 413–414.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, pages 117–118
• Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, pages 60–61, 63–64
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 45.7–45.11
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 195.6–195.11, 196.3–197.8, 200, 201.2
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 10, 124–125

• IPA^(key): /ⁿdʒ/

nj (lower case, upper case Nj)

1. A letter of the Fula alphabet, written in the Latin script.

• Common to all varieties of Fula (Fulfulde / Pulaar / Pular).

• (Latin-script letters) karfeeje; ', A a, B b, Mb mb, Ɓ ɓ, C c, D d, Nd nd, Ɗ ɗ, E e, F f, G g, Ng ng, Ɠ ɠ, H h, I i, J j, Nj nj, K k, L l, M m, N n, Ŋ ŋ, Ñ ñ, Ɲ ɲ, O o, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, W w, Y y, Ƴ ƴ

• Nj (uppercase)

• (phoneme) IPA^(key): /ɲ/

nj (Cyrillic spelling њ)

1. The 20th (digraph) letter of the Serbo-Croatian Latin alphabet (gajica), preceded by n and followed by o.

nj (Cyrillic spelling њ)

1. him (clitic accusative singular of ȏn (“he”))
2. it (clitic accusative singular of òno (“it”))