kun

From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally "meaning reading" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning).

kun (uncountable)

1. In the Japanese language, the pronunciation, or reading, of a kanji character as a native Japanese word that means what the character represents, contrasted with on.

   Most kanji have two kinds of reading, called "on" and "kun".

• kun-yomi
• on

• unk.

• kung
• kon, kong

• IPA^(key): /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]

kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. if, unless

   Synonym: komo

   Kun may dudumanon ka, maiba lugod ako saimo.

   If you're going somewhere, I'll come with you then.

kun (Basahan spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. when; at (or as soon as) that time that; if

   Synonym: pag

   Kun mabanggi na, nagluluwas man an mga bituon.

   When the night comes, the stars come out also.

• IPA^(key): [ˈkun]
• Rhymes: -un

kun

1. genitive plural of kuna

Older ikkun, a contraction of Old Danish ække uten (“nothing but”), from Old Norse ekki (“not”) and útan (“without, except”).

• IPA^(key): [ˈkʰɔn]

kun

1. only

• blot, ikkun (obsolete)

• IPA^(key): /kʏn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʏn

kun

1. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative of kunnen

   Kun jij iets doen voor mij?

   Can you do something for me?

• As is usual in Dutch, the -t is dropped when the pronoun jij / je immediately follows the verb. However, unlike for all other verbs (except zullen), the form that results is not identical to the first-person singular, which is kan. The form kan is also frequently used, by analogy with regular verbs, but it may be considered nonstandard by some.

• kan

Ultimately from Latin cum. Compare Italian con, Spanish con, Portuguese com.

• IPA^(key): [kun]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kun

kun

1. in the company of, with
2. in addition to
3. characteristic considered separately from the whole
   • 1961, L. L. Zamenhof, Proverbaro esperanta:

     Vorto dirita en ĝusta tempo estas kiel oraj pomoj kun arĝentaj ŝeloj.

     A word said at the right time is like golden apples with silver skins.

• kun- (“together”)
• kune kun (“along with”)
• kunigi
• kuniĝi
• kunligi

The singular instructive case of kuka. Originally a lesser used variant of kuin; modern differences between the two were introduced when the language was standardized.

• IPA^(key): /ˈkun/, [ˈkun]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -un
• Hyphenation^(key): kun

kun

1. when, as, while (temporal: at the same time or instant that)

   Sain viestisi, kun olin jo matkalla lentokentälle.

   I got your message when I was already on my way to the airport.

   Hän ilmestyi antamaan ohjeita, kun olin jo saanut työn valmiiksi.

   He showed up to give instructions when I had already finished the job.

2. as soon as, once; expresses that the event of the main clause takes place immediately after that of the subclause, often used with the clitic -han

   Tulen tapaamaan sinua, kun(han) saan tämän valmiiksi.

   I will come to see you as soon as I finish this job.

3. as, because, since (considering that)

   Hän menetti työpaikkansa, kun tuli aina myöhässä.

   She lost her job because she was always late.

   En voi tulla huomenna, minulla kun on aamuvuoro.

   I cannot come tomorrow as I have the morning shift.

4. Synonym of kunpa

• kuin
• kunnes

kun

1. (relative, colloquial) that, who, which, where

   Synonyms: joka, ken

   Täällä on eräs mies, kun haluaisi tavata johtajaa. [standard: Täällä on eräs mies, joka haluaisi tavata johtajaa.]

   There's a certain man here who'd like to see the leader.

   Kuka se on, kun huutaa? [standard: Kuka se on, ken huutaa?]

   Who is that who is shouting?

• “kun”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 君 (“sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord; lord; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 君).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 軍 (“armed forces; army; troops; corps; army; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 軍).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 均 (“equal; uniform; fair; all; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 均).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 巾 (“a square item of cloth; towel; kerchief; piece of clothing worn on the head in China”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 巾).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 斤 (“catty, a unit of weight; axe; hatchet; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 斤).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 根 (“root; base; basis; foundation; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 根).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 筋 (“tendon; sinew; muscle; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 筋).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 跟 (“heel; to follow; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 跟).

For pronunciation and definitions of kun – see 鈞 (“ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 鈞).

• IPA^(key): [ˈkun]
• Hyphenation: kun
• Rhymes: -un

kun (plural kunok)

1. Cuman (member of a nomadic Turkic people of central Asia)

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	kun	kunok
accusative	kunt	kunokat
dative	kunnak	kunoknak
instrumental	kunnal	kunokkal
causal-final	kunért	kunokért
translative	kunná	kunokká
terminative	kunig	kunokig
essive-formal	kunként	kunokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	kunban	kunokban
superessive	kunon	kunokon
adessive	kunnál	kunoknál
illative	kunba	kunokba
sublative	kunra	kunokra
allative	kunhoz	kunokhoz
elative	kunból	kunokból
delative	kunról	kunokról
ablative	kuntól	kunoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	kuné	kunoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	kunéi	kunokéi

Possessive forms of kun
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kunom	kunjaim
2nd person sing.	kunod	kunjaid
3rd person sing.	kunja	kunjai
1st person plural	kununk	kunjaink
2nd person plural	kunotok	kunjaitok
3rd person plural	kunjuk	kunjaik

• kun in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

kun

1. with

   Ilu iris kun elu a la parko.

   He went with her to the park.

kun

1. Rōmaji transcription of くん

Borrowed from Hokkien 裙 (kûn, “skirt”).

kun

1. pants; trousers
2. skirt; sarong

kun

1. now

• IPA^(key): /kuːn/

kun

1. second-person singular imperative of kien

kun

1. Nonstandard spelling of kūn.
2. Nonstandard spelling of kǔn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of kùn.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

kun

1. Alternative form of kyn

From Danish kun.

kun

1. only, merely

• bare

Cognate with Gbari knu.

• IPA^(key): /kũ̄/

kun

1. to be enough; to be sufficient

• IPA^(key): /ˈkun/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -un
• Syllabification: kun

kun f

1. genitive plural of kuna

From Proto-Cushitic *kum-.

kun

1. thousand

• “kun” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *kuna.

kun (third person singular possession kunaaꞌn)

1. husband

• kuntaꞌ

• R. de Willett, Elizabeth, et al. (2016) Diccionario tepehuano de Santa María Ocotán, Durango (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 48)‎^[2] (in Spanish), electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 115

kun

1. Romanization of 𒆲 (kun)

• cun — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkun/ [ˈkun̪]
• Rhymes: -un
• Syllabification: kun

kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. Obsolete form of kung.

kun (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜓᜈ᜔)

1. Obsolete form of kung.

kun anim

1. ice, snow (on the ground)

• Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “kun”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Other scripts
Yangi Imlo	کون
Cyrillic	кун‍
Latin	kun‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)

From Chagatai کون (kün, “sun, day”), from Proto-Turkic *kün (“sun, day”).

• IPA^(key): /cʉn/

kun (plural kunlar)

1. day
2. sun

• IPA^(key): [kun]

kun (nominative plural kuns)

1. cow
   • 1932, Arie de Jong, Leerboek der Wereldtaal, page 19:

     Hifeilan at dalabom jevodis tel e kunis deg.

     This farmer owns two horses and ten cows.

• jibub

• hibub
• tor

• kunül (“cow calf, female calf”)

• bub
• veter

kun

1. excrement, faeces, shit

• kaka

kun

1. oil

Borrowed from Irish cun (“stoutness, thickness”).

• IPA^(key): /kʊn/

kun

1. A masculine, forward woman, a brazen face.

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 51