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{{also|Gouge|gougé}}
==English==
{{was wotd|2019|May|27}}

===Etymology===
{{multiple images
|direction = vertical
|image1 = 8-25er-Hohlbeitel.jpg
|caption1 = The [[blade]] of this [[wood]] gouge ''(sense 1.1)'' [[curve#Verb|curves]] upwards so that it can be used to [[cut#Verb|cut]] [[groove#Noun|grooves]]
|image2 = Making a linocut.JPG
|caption2 = A gouge ''(sense 1.1)'' being used to make a [[linocut]]
}}

From {{inh|en|enm|gouge||chisel with concave blade; gouge}}, from {{der|en|fro|gouge}}, {{m|fro|goi||gouge}}, from {{der|en|LL.|goia}},<ref>{{R:MED Online|entry=gǒuǧe|pos=n|id=MED19138|accessdate=25 January 2019}}</ref> {{m|la|gubia}}, {{m|la|gulbia||chisel; piercer}}, borrowed from {{der|en|cel-gau|*gulbiā}}, from {{der|en|cel-pro|*gulbā}}, {{m|cel-pro|*gulbi}}, {{m|cel-pro|*gulbīnos||beak, bill}}. The English word is cognate with {{cog|it|gorbia}}, {{m|it|gubbia||ferrule}}, {{cog|obt|golb}}, {{cog|sga|gulba||beak}}, {{cog|pt|goiva}}, {{cog|gd|gilb||chisel}}, {{cog|es|gubia||chisel, gouge}}, {{cog|cy|gylf||beak; pointed instrument}}, {{m|cy|gylyf||sickle}}.<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=''n.{{sup|1}}''|noformat=yes|id=80252|date=1900|nodot=yes}}; {{R:Lexico}}</ref>

The verb is derived from the noun.<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=80254|date=1900}}</ref>

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|en|/ɡaʊd͡ʒ/}}
* {{audio|en|en-us-gouge.ogg|a=GA}}
* {{rhymes|en|aʊdʒ|s=1}}

===Noun===
{{en-noun|~}}

# {{non-gloss|Senses relating to cutting tools.}}
## A [[chisel#Noun|chisel]] with a [[curved#Adjective|curved]] [[blade]] for [[cut#Verb|cutting]] or [[scoop#Verb|scooping]] [[channel#Noun|channels]], [[groove#Noun|grooves]], or [[hole#Noun|holes]] in [[wood]], [[stone#Noun|stone]], etc.
##* {{RQ:Cooper Pioneers|volume=I|chapter=VIII|page=118|passage=The "steeple" was a little cupola, reared on the very centre of the roof, on four tall pillars of pine, that were fluted with a '''gouge''', and loaded with mouldings.}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|title=On Printing Posting-bills|magazine=[[w:The Penny Magazine|The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge]]|location=London|publisher=[[w:Charles Knight (publisher)|Charles Knight & Co.]]|date=22 January 1842|volume=XI (New Series)|issue=626|page=30|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=wuI2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA30|column=2|oclc=11554283|passage=The cutting [of letter blocks] is effected by chisels and '''gouges''' of the usual kinds, and is the work of a class of artizans called 'Wood letter Cutters,' or 'Wood-type Cutters.'}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=H. Hambley Tregoning|title=A Model 18-Footer Yacht, and How to Build and Sail Her|newspaper=[[w:The Boy's Own Paper|The Boy’s Own Paper]]|location=London|publisher=“Boy’s Own Paper” Office,{{nb...|4 Bouverie Street, E.C.}}|month=August|year=1922|volume=XLV, part 10|page=697|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=IsPnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA697|column=1|oclc=870086995|passage=Now hollow out the inside of the boat with a '''gouge''' or '''gouges'''. ("Firmer" '''gouges''', ground on the outside of the curve, are used. "Paring" '''gouges''' are useless.)}}
##* {{quote-journal|en|author=Rosario Capotosto|title=Become a Woodturning Expert: Part One|editor=John A. Linkletter|magazine=w:Popular Mechanics|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Hearst Communications|The Hearst Corporation]]|month=April|year=1985|volume=162|issue=4|page=104|pageurl=https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=YeQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA104|column=2|issn=0032-4558|oclc=868915883|passage=The six most common woodturning tools you should know about are: '''gouge''', skew, parting tool, spear-point, round-nose, and flat-nose. The '''gouge''' is a hollow, round-nose chisel used to rough-cut blanks into cylinders and for making cove cuts. '''Gouges''' can be used for cutting or scraping.}}
## A [[bookbinder]]'s [[tool#Noun|tool]] with a curved [[face#Noun|face]], used for [[blind tooling]] or [[gilding#Noun|gilding]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=John Andrews Arnett [pseudonym; John Hannett]|chapter=Combination of Tools|title=Bibliopegia; or, The Art of Bookbinding, in All Its Branches.{{nb...|Illustrated with Engravings.}}|location=London|publisher=Richard Groombridge; Edinburgh: [[w:Thomas Jamieson Boyd|Oliver and Boyd]]; Dublin: W. F. Wakeman; New York, N.Y.: W. Jackson|year=1835|section=part II (Of Finishing)|page=128|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=1u3HzEz-X7gC&pg=PA128|oclc=11177125|passage=In plate II. are design for two backs of books. The first figure, which presents an appearance of exceeding richness, is executed with one sole tool, viz. No. 10, and a small '''gouge''' for the sides of the lettering-piece.}}
## An [[incise|incising]] tool that cuts [[blank#Noun|blanks]] or [[form#Noun|forms]] for [[envelope]]s, [[glove#Noun|gloves]], etc., from [[leather]], [[paper#Noun|paper]], or other [[material#Noun|materials]].
##* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edward H. Knight|Edward H[enry] Knight]]|chapter=Gouge|title=Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary:{{nb...|Being a Description of Tools, Instruments, Machines, Processes, and Engineering; History of Inventions; General Technological Vocabulary; and Digest of Mechanical Appliances in Science and the Arts.}}|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=J. B. Ford and Company|year=1875|volume=II (Ena–Pan)|page=997|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lkpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA997|column=1|oclc=29084852|passage='''Gouge'''. {{...}} A shaped incising-tool used for cutting out forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, or other objects cut to a shape from fabric, leather, or paper.|brackets=on}}
# A [[cut#Noun|cut]] or [[groove]], as left by a gouge or something [[sharp#Adjective|sharp]].
#: {{ux|en|The nail left a deep '''gouge''' in the tire.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|title=How Lead-pencils are Made|editor=[[w:Josiah Gilbert Holland|J[osiah] G[ilbert] Holland]]|magazine=[[w:Scribner's Monthly|Scribner’s Monthly, an Illustrated Magazine for the People]]|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner & Co.]],{{nb...|No. 743 Broadway.}}|month=April|year=1878|volume=XV|issue=6|page=808|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=UVEFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA808|oclc=614212182|passage=The planing-machine, on the contrary, uses revolving knives, which make a succession of little '''gouges''' in the wood; these '''gouges''', which would otherwise leave the surface very irregular, are made to leave it tolerably smooth by following one another so closely that the '''gouges''' become one long '''gouge''' or cut; [...]}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Stephanie Butland|title=Letters to My Husband|location=London|publisher=Black Swan, {{w|Transworld Publishers}}|year=2015|page=250|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQXIBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA250|isbn=978-0-552-77915-9|passage=He makes himself look at his daughter's changing body the way he might look at a '''gouge''' on his own leg, forcing himself to examine every detail until he's not looking at a horror but a fact; something that needs fixing.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=w:Brian Staveley|chapter=4|title=The Providence of Fire|series=Chronicle of the Unhewn Throne|seriesvolume=book 2|location=London|publisher=[[w:Tor Books|Tor]]|year=2015|page=60|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=APB9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA60|isbn=978-1-4472-3581-1|passage=He squinted through frozen lashes, trying to make better sense of the valley beneath him, a '''gouge''' running east to west, so deep and narrow he could only see the bottom when they passed directly overhead.}}
# {{lb|en|originally|US|colloquial}} An act of [[#Verb|gouging]].
# {{lb|en|slang}} A [[cheat#Noun|cheat]], a [[fraud]]; an [[imposition]].
#: {{synonyms|en|swindle}}
# {{lb|en|slang}} An [[impostor]].
# {{lb|en|mining}} [[soft|Soft]] material [[lie#Verb|lying]] between the [[wall#Noun|wall]] of a [[vein]] and the [[solid#Adjective|solid]] vein of [[ore]].
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Rossiter W. Raymond|Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond]]|chapter=Giant Powder and Common Powder|title=The Mines of the West: A Report to the Secretary of the Treasury|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=J. B. Ford and Company{{nb...|39 Park Row.}}|year=1869|page=34|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fZYAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA34|oclc=27473929|passage=At some of the mines on the great Mother Lode, where hundreds of tons are not unfrequently thrown down at a blast, and where a wide, soft "'''gouge'''" along one wall enables the minder to keep two or three sides of the rock free, and give the powder the greatest opportunity to "lift" without waste of power, the cost of drilling and blasting per ton is so low that a reduction of one-third, even if it could be made, would not greatly affect the general count; {{...}}}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Edward W. Berry|Edward Wilber Berry]]|chapter=Systematic Descriptions|title=Revision of the Lower Eocene Wilcox Flora of the Southeastern States: With Descriptions of New Species, Chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky|series=[[w:United States Geological Survey|[United States] Geological Survey]] Professional Paper|seriesvolume=156|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=[[w:United States Government Publishing Office|Government Printing Office]]|year=1930|page=83|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=FUIRAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA83|column=1|oclc=987033971|passage=The geologic relations seen at the surface continue underground, but in addition 5 to 10 feet of '''gouge''', dipping 68°E, is found to separate the serpentine from the ore zone. The '''gouge''' is not sufficiently resistant to erosion to crop out. {{...}} A "bull" quartz vein occurs in places along the contact of the '''gouge''' and the ore zone. It does not constitute ore.}}
# {{lb|en|US|military|slang|uncountable}} [[information|Information]].
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2005|author=Jay A. Stout|title=To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator|page=63
|passage=As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad '''gouge''' out there," and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.}}
#* {{quote-text|en|year=2013|author=Douglas Waller|title=Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot|page=89
|passage=The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good '''gouge''' on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, {{...}}}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|en|fault gouge}}
* {{l|en|gouge bit}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|chisel with a curved blade}}
* Bulgarian: {{t|bg|кръстат секач|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Catalan: {{t|ca|gúbia|f}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|koverrin}}
* French: {{t+|fr|gouge|f}}
* Galician: {{t|gl|gubia|f}}, {{t|gl|esgubia|f}}
* Georgian: {{t|ka|სატეხი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Grabstichel|m}}, {{t|de|Hohlbeitel|m}}, {{t|de|Hohlmeißel|m}}, {{t|de|Stichel|m}}
* Hindi: {{t+|hi|रुखानी}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|sgorbia|f}}
* Japanese: {{t|ja|丸鑿|tr=[[まるのみ]], [[marunomi]]|sc=Jpan}}
* Latin: {{t|la|gulbia|f}}
* Malagasy: {{t+|mg|famoalaka}}
* Ottoman Turkish: {{t|ota|اولق|tr=oluk}}, {{t|ota|اسكنه|tr=iskene}}
* Persian: {{t+|fa|جبر}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|goiva|f}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|[[полукруглый|полукруглое]] [[долото]]|n|sc=Cyrl}}
* Spanish: {{t|es|gubia|f}}
* Swedish: {{t|sv|håljärn|n}}, {{t|sv|hålmejsel|c}}, {{t|sv|svarvjärn|n}}, {{t+|sv|skölp|c}}
* Welsh:
*: North Wales: {{t|cy|cŷn crwn|m}}
*: South Wales: {{t|cy|gaing gau|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|cut or groove}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|жлеб|m|sc=Cyrl}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|uurros}}, {{t+|fi|uurre}}, {{t+|fi|ura}}
* French: {{t|fr|gougeure|f}}, {{t+|fr|rainure|f}}
* Georgian: {{t+|ka|ღარი}}, {{t|ka|ამონაღები}}, {{t|ka|ფოსო}}, {{t+|ka|ღრმული}}, {{t|ka|ღრუ}}, {{t+|ka|ღარი}}
* German: {{t+|de|Furche|f}}, {{t+|de|Rille|f}}
* Hebrew: {{t+|he|חתך|tr=kharíts|m}}
* Portuguese: {{t+|pt|ranhura}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|жёлоб|m}}, {{t+|ru|вы́емка|f}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|ranura|f}} {{qualifier|groove}}, {{t+|es|surco|m}} {{qualifier|cut}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|(''mining'') soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein}}
* Spanish: {{t+|es|harina|f}}
{{trans-bottom}}

===Verb===
{{en-verb}}

# {{lb|en|transitive}} To make a [[groove#Noun|groove]], [[hole#Noun|hole]], or [[mark#Noun|mark]] in by [[scoop#Verb|scooping]] with or as if with a [[#Noun|gouge]].
#: {{synonyms|en|engrave|grave|incise}}
#: {{ux|en|Japanese and Chinese printers used to '''gouge''' characters in wood.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:François E. Matthes|François É[mile] Matthes]]|chapter=The Domes|editor=w:Fritiof Fryxell|title=The Incomparable Valley: A Geologic Interpretation of the Yosemite|location=Berkeley; Los Angeles, Calif.; London|publisher=w:University of California Press|year=1950|page=127|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9Y1RDMyG8cC&pg=PA127|isbn=978-0-520-00827-4|passage=Imperfect examples of concave shells are to be seen in the salient of El Capitan, which is itself an imperfect dome, not wholly massive throughout, that has been vigorously '''gouged''' by the Yosemite Glacier.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Penelope Angell|title=Handmade with Care: Woodcarving|editor=John A. Linkletter|magazine=w:Popular Mechanics|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Hearst Communications|The Hearst Corporation]]|month=January|year=1977|volume=147|issue=1|page=94|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=LOIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA94|column=2|issn=0032-4558|oclc=868915883|passage=Gouges [...] are made of steel that is curved to varying degrees to "'''gouge'''" out excess wood.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Kathleen Cook Waldron|chapter=12|editor=Kathy Stinson|title=Between Shadows|location=Regina, Sask.|publisher=w:Coteau Books|year=2015|page=48|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=43hvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|isbn=978-1-55050-612-9|passage=[W]e simply sit in silence and let the day's events roll around the room like farts in a school cafeteria. Dad breaks the spell when he gets up to retrieve his wood and starts '''gouging''' it for all he's worth.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive}} To [[cheat#Verb|cheat]] or [[impose]] upon; in particular, to [[charge#Verb|charge]] an [[unfairly]] or [[unreasonably]] [[high#Adjective|high]] [[price#Noun|price]].
#: {{synonyms|en|defraud|swindle}}
#: {{ux|en|The company has no competition, so it tends to '''gouge''' its customers.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=William G. White|title=The Physician’s Fee: A Historical Reflection|editor=Eugene F. Diamond|journal=[[w:The Linacre Quarterly|The Linacre Quarterly: Journal of the Catholic Medical Association]]|location=Wynnewood, Pa.|publisher=w:Catholic Medical Association|month=November|year=2008|volume=75|issue=4|page=299|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=pmshAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA299|issn=0024-3639|oclc=1588532|passage=[M]any hospitals have essentially abandoned any serious effort to raise funds from donors. They could, like universities, conduct fund-raising campaigns and establish endowments to cover the shortfall caused by widespread fraud (i.e., the false promise by government and insurance to pay patients' medical expenses), but instead they mercilessly '''gouge''' their uninsured patients.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Mia Ross|title=Sugar Plum Season|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Love Inspired|Love Inspired Books]], [[w:Harlequin Enterprises|Harlequin]]|year=2014|page=120|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=6MfSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|isbn=978-0-373-87930-4|passage=Women like Rachel sail through life wrapping men around their little fingers and '''gouging''' them for everything they've got.}}
# {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} To [[dig#Verb|dig]] or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a [[thumb#Noun|thumb]] to [[push#Verb|push]] or try to push the [[eye#Noun|eye]] (of a person) out of its [[socket]].
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=Henry Hancock|title=On the Superiority of [[w:François Chopart|[François] Chopart]]’s Operation and Excision of the Ankle in All Cases Admitting of Their Performance|editor=James G. Wakley|journal=[[w:The Lancet|The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Public Health, Criticism, and News]]|location=London|publisher=Published by George Fall,{{nb...|at the office of “The Lancet,” 423, Strand.}}|date=7 February 1863|volume=I|issue=VI (number 2058)|page=143|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=iBpAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA143|column=1|issn=0140-6736|oclc=1755507|passage=The recorded cases in which the constituents of the joint were removed at different times, and those also in which the bones or portions of the bones were '''gouged''' away, do not by any means afford satisfactory results.}}
#* {{quote-journal|en|author=w:Wilfred Lewis; W[illia]m H. Taylor|title=The Development of a High-speed Milling Cutter, with Inserted Blades, for High-powered Milling Machines|editors=Herbert Page; Armistead Cay|newspaper=Page’s Weekly: An Illustrated Newspaper Devoted to the Engineering, Shipbuilding Iron and Steel Trades|location=London|publisher=[Herbert Page]|date=15 January 1909|volume=XIV|issue=227|page=112|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGktAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA112|column=1|oclc=637892744|passage=In milling, a blade with this irregularity in front slope causes the cutter to drag on one side and '''gouge''' on the other.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=[[w:Robert E. Howard|Robert E[rvin] Howard]]|chapter=w:Champ of the Forecastle|editor=Jack O’Sullivan|title=w:Fight Stories|location=New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:Fiction House|Fight Stories, Inc.]]|month=November|year=1930|volume=3|issue=6|oclc=12153101|newversion=republished in|editor2=Paul Herman|title2=Waterfront Fists and Others|location2=Holicong, Pa.|publisher2=w:Wildside Press|year2=2003|page2=155|pageurl2=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5FQHfZCOFAC&pg=PA155|isbn2=978-1-59224-136-1|passage=He tried to clinch and '''gouge''', but another right hook to the jaw sent him down and out.}}
#* {{quote-book|en|author=Eunice V. Johnson|chapter=Shaping China’s Reform Movements, 1891–1910|editor=Carol Lee Hamrin|title={{w|Timothy Richard}}’s Vision: Education and Reform in China, 1880–1910|series=Studies in Chinese Christianity|location=Eugene, Or.|publisher=Pickwick Publications, [[w:Wipf and Stock|Wipf and Stock Publishers]]|year=2014|section=footnote 28|page=63|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=rushBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA63|isbn=978-1-62564-653-8|passage=For some time, Christian missionaries had been falsely accused of kidnaping Chinese children, '''gouging''' out their eyes, and killing them.}}
# {{lb|en|intransitive}} To [[use#Verb|use]] a gouge.
#* {{quote-book|en|entry={{smallcaps|Blocks}}|entryurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=itzoOVCMDf4C&pg=PT621|editor=w:Abraham Rees|title=[[w:Rees's Cyclopædia|The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes]]|location=London|publisher=Printed for [[w:Longman|Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown]],{{nb...|Paternoster-Row}}|year=1819|volume=IV|oclc=7390852718|passage={{smallcaps|Blocks}} are alſo pieces of wood belonging to ſhips, in which the ſhivers, or ſheaves, of pullies are placed, and wherein the running ropes go. [...] The blocks are then jambed up edgeways with wedges in a clave, and the ſheave-holes are made in this manner: the length and breadth are firſt '''gouged''' out, and holes are bored half way through the block, along the part '''gouged''' out, with an augre of the ſize of the ſheave-hole; then the ſheave-hole is '''gouged''' and bored on the oppoſite ſide in the ſame manner, ſo as to meet the oppoſite holes.}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|en|gouge out}}
* {{l|en|gouger}}
* {{l|en|gouging|pos=noun}}
* {{l|en|price gouging}}, {{l|en|price gouge}}
* {{l|en|regouge}}

====Translations====
{{trans-top|to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|издълбавам|sc=Cyrl}}
* Cebuano: {{t|ceb|lugit}}
* Finnish: {{t|fi|[[kaivaa]] [[ulos]]}}, {{t+|fi|kovertaa}}
* French: {{t+|fr|gouger}}, {{t+|fr|graver}}
* German: {{t+|de|ausstechen}}, {{t+|de|bohren}}, {{t+|de|einschlagen}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tīkaro}}
* Northern Sami: {{t|se|gohpat}}
* Polish: {{t+|pl|żłobić|impf}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|долби́ть|impf}}, {{t+|ru|продолби́ть|pf}}, {{t+|ru|выда́лбливать|impf}}, {{t+|ru|вы́долбить|pf}}, {{t+|ru|выбива́ть|impf}}, {{t+|ru|вы́бить|pf}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|gravera}}, {{t+|sv|karva}}, {{t+|sv|rista}}, {{t+|sv|urholka}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-see|to cheat or impose upon|cheat|impose}}

{{trans-top|to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kiskoa}}
* German: {{t+|de|abzocken}}, {{t+|de|schröpfen}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|обдира́ть|impf}}, {{t+|ru|ободра́ть|pf}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|To dig or scoop (something) out}}
* Armenian: {{t+|hy|փորել}}
* Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|избо́ждам|impf}}, {{t+|bg|избода|pf}}, {{t+|bg|набо́ждам|impf}}, {{t+|bg|набода|pf}}
* Chinese:
*: Hokkien: {{t|nan-hbl|剮|tr=kóa}}
*: Mandarin: {{t+|cmn|刔|tr=jué}}, {{t+|cmn|穵|tr=wā}}, {{t+|cmn|挖|tr=wā}}
* Dutch: {{t+|nl|gutsen}}, {{t+|nl|kerven}}
* Finnish: {{t+|fi|kovertaa}}
* Japanese: {{t+|ja|抉|tr=[[えぐる]], [[eguru]]}}, {{t|ja|刳り貫く|tr=[[くりぬく]], [[kurinuku]]}}
* Russian: {{t+|ru|выка́лывать|impf}}, {{t+|ru|вы́колоть|pf}}
* Thai: {{t+|th|ควัก|tr=kwák}}, {{t+|th|แซะ|tr=sɛ́}}
{{trans-bottom}}

{{trans-top|to push or try to push the eye out of its socket}}
* French: {{t+|fr|éborgner}}
* Galician: {{t+|gl|sacar|alt=sacar os ollos}}
* Italian: {{t+|it|cavare}}
* Maori: {{t|mi|tīkaro}}
* Russian: {{t|ru|[[выбива́ть]] [[глаз]]|impf}}, {{t|ru|[[вы́бить]] [[глаз]]|pf}}
* Serbo-Croatian: {{t+|sh|iskopati}}, {{t+|sh|izbiti}}
* Swedish: {{t+|sv|trycka}} (ut ögat på någon)
{{trans-bottom}}

===References===
<references />

===Further reading===
* {{pedia|chisel#gouge|chisel – gouge}}
* {{pedia|gouge|gouge (disambiguation)}}
* {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary}}

{{C|en|Tools}}

==French==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|fr|fro|gouge}}, from {{uder|fr|la|gulbia}} ({{uder|fr|LL.|gubia}}), of {{uder|fr|cel-gau|-}} or {{uder|fr|eu|-}} origins.

===Pronunciation===
* {{fr-IPA}}
* {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-gouge.wav}}
* {{rhymes|fr|uʒ}}

===Noun===
{{fr-noun|f}}

# {{l|en|gouge}} {{gloss|groove}}
# {{l|en|gouge}} {{gloss|tool}}
# {{lb|fr|obsolete}} female [[servant]]
# {{lb|fr|archaic}} [[prostitute]]
#* {{quote-text|fr|year=1857|author=w:Charles Baudelaire|title=[[:s:fr:Bribes|Bribes - Damnation]]
|passage=On peut les comparer encore à cette auberge, / Espoir des affamés, où cognent sur le tard, / Blessés, brisés, jurant, priant qu’on les héberge, / L’écolier, le prélat, la '''gouge''' et le soudard.|t=They can also be compared to this inn, / Hope to the starved, where in the night knock, / Injured, broken, cursing, begging to be lodged, / The schoolboy, the prelate, the '''prostitute''' and the soldier.}}

===Verb===
{{head|fr|verb form}}

# {{inflection of|fr|gouger||1//3|s|pres|ind//sub|;|2|s|impr}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:fr:TLFi}}

{{C|fr|Tools}}

==Old French==

===Etymology===
From {{inh|fro|LL.|gubia}}, from {{der|fro|la|gulbia}}.

===Noun===
{{fro-noun|f}}

# {{l|en|gouge}} {{gloss|tool}}
# {{lb|fro|chiefly|pejorative}} [[woman]]

====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|gouge}}
* {{desc|fr|gouge}}

===References===
* {{R:Godefroy|supplement=1}}

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