torqueo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *torkʷeō, from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”).^[1]

Cognates include Latin trīcae, trepidus, turpis, Sanskrit तर्कु (tarkú), Hittite 𒋻𒌑𒍣 (tarúzi) and Old Church Slavonic тракъ (trakŭ). See also English torch, torque, thwart, queer.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈtor.kʷe.oː/, [ˈt̪ɔrkʷeoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈtor.kwe.o/, [ˈt̪ɔrkweo]

Verb

torqueō (present infinitive torquēre, perfect active torsī, supine tortum); second conjugation

to spin, whirl, twirl, turn, cause to revolve
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.481–482:
  “[...] ubi maximus Atlās / axem humerō torquet stēllīs ārdentibus aptum.”
  “[...] where colossal Atlas turns on his shoulder the pole [of heaven] studded with blazing stars.”
to twist, wind, bend awry, distort
to hurl violently, twirl (around the head to throw), fling
to torment, torture

Conjugation

Conjugation of torqueō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	torqueō	torquēs	torquet	torquēmus	torquētis	torquent
	imperfect	torquēbam	torquēbās	torquēbat	torquēbāmus	torquēbātis	torquēbant
	future	torquēbō	torquēbis	torquēbit	torquēbimus	torquēbitis	torquēbunt
	perfect	torsī	torsistī	torsit	torsimus	torsistis	torsērunt, torsēre
	pluperfect	torseram	torserās	torserat	torserāmus	torserātis	torserant
	future perfect	torserō	torseris	torserit	torserimus	torseritis	torserint
passive	present	torqueor	torquēris, torquēre	torquētur	torquēmur	torquēminī	torquentur
	imperfect	torquēbar	torquēbāris, torquēbāre	torquēbātur	torquēbāmur	torquēbāminī	torquēbantur
	future	torquēbor	torquēberis, torquēbere	torquēbitur	torquēbimur	torquēbiminī	torquēbuntur
	perfect	tortus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	tortus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	tortus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	torqueam	torqueās	torqueat	torqueāmus	torqueātis	torqueant
	imperfect	torquērem	torquērēs	torquēret	torquērēmus	torquērētis	torquērent
	perfect	torserim	torserīs	torserit	torserīmus	torserītis	torserint
	pluperfect	torsissem	torsissēs	torsisset	torsissēmus	torsissētis	torsissent
passive	present	torquear	torqueāris, torqueāre	torqueātur	torqueāmur	torqueāminī	torqueantur
	imperfect	torquērer	torquērēris, torquērēre	torquērētur	torquērēmur	torquērēminī	torquērentur
	perfect	tortus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	tortus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	torquē	—	—	torquēte	—
active	future	—	torquētō	torquētō	—	torquētōte	torquentō
passive	present	—	torquēre	—	—	torquēminī	—
passive	future	—	torquētor	torquētor	—	—	torquentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		torquēre	torsisse	tortūrum esse	torquērī, torquērier¹	tortum esse	tortum īrī
participles		torquēns	—	tortūrus	—	tortus	torquendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		torquendī	torquendō	torquendum	torquendō	tortum	tortū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Descendants

Vulgar Latin: *torcere (see there for further descendants)
→ English: torque
- →? Turkish: tork
→? Welsh: terchu

References

“torqueo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“torqueo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
torqueo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to suffer torments of expectation, delay: exspectatione torqueri, cruciari

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 624

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 624

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