-в

From Written Oirat ᠊ᡋᠠ (-ba) and ᠊ᡋᡄ (-be). Compare Mongolian -в (-v); Buryat -ба (-ba), -бо (-bo), -бэ (-be); etc.

• IPA^(key): /v/, /və/, /va/
• Hyphenation: -в

-в • (-v)

1. Used to form the perfect preterite tense of a verb.

From Written Oirat ᡋᡅ (bi). Doublet of би (bi, “I”, first-person singular subject pronoun). Compare also Buryat -б (-b, after a vowel including a hidden epenthesis) and -би (-bi, after a consonant).

• IPA^(key): /v/, [w], [f], [β]
• Hyphenation: -в

-в • (-v)

1. (predicative) Used as a first-person singular copula, meaning ‘I am …’

   Бив. ― Biv. ― It's me.

   Хальмгв. ― Xalʹmgv. ― I am a Kalmyk.

2. (predicative) A first-person singular verbal suffix.
   • “Ээҗин дун”:

     Киитнл булгиннь уснаснь / Киилгән уһаһад суулав

     Kiitnl bulginnʹ usnasnʹ / Kiilgän uğağad suulav

     From the water of a cold spring / I sat down after washing clothes

• -видн (-vidn), -ч (-ç), -т (-t), -∅
• болх (bolx, copula)

From Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠪᠡ (-be) and ᠊ᠪᠠ (-ba), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠪᠡ m sg (-be) and ᠊ᠪᠠ m sg (-ba).

-в • (-v)

1. The terminative suffix, describing past events with no clear aspectual meaning

• Mostly used in questions about recent past