磨

See also: 磿

Translingual

Han character

磨 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈金一口 (ICMR) or 戈木一口 (IDMR), four-corner 0026₁, composition ⿸麻石)

Derived characters

嚰, 𫾚, 𣟖, 礳, 𥽨, 耱, 𨇢, 𭍁, 饝, 𨟖, 蘑

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 39
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24449
Dae Jaweon: page 1253, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2453, character 13
Unihan data for U+78E8

Chinese

trad.		磨
simp. ^#		磨

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	mral, mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	maːl, maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	maːl, maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	maːls, mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Originally written as 䃺 (mó). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːl, *maːls) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 靡 (OC *mralʔ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mó (mo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): мә (mə, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nò
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bôa / mô͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mó
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mó
  - Wade–Giles: mo²
  - Yale: mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mo
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: мә (mə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mo⁴
  - Yale: mòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nò
  - Hakka Romanization System: no^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: no²
  - Sinological IPA: /no¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôa / mô͘
  - Tâi-lô: buâ / môo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boaa, moo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bua²⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bua²⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bua¹³/, /mɔ̃¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bua²⁴/, /mɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bua²³/, /mɔ̃²³/

Note:

bôa - vernacular;
mô͘ - literary.

Middle Chinese: ma

Rime
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫婆切
Baxter	ma
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/
Li Rong	/muɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mó
Middle Chinese	‹ ma ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaj/
English	rub, grind
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨
Reading #	1/2
No.	8706
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	摩
Old Chinese	/*maːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 磨

to grind; to sharpen
to rub; to chafe
to wear away; to obliterate
to wear out; to wear down; to erode
to dawdle; to waste (time)
to pester; to plague (someone)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mo⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mo
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bō / mō͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Yale: mwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Palladius: мо (mo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mo⁶
  - Yale: moh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mo⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo
  - Hakka Romanization System: mo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mo⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō
  - Tâi-lô: bō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bo³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bo²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bo⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
  - Tâi-lô: mōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: maH

Rime
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	摸卧切
Baxter	maH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa^H/
Li Rong	/muɑ^H/
Wang Li	/muɑ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/muɑ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*maːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mò
Middle Chinese	‹ ma^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁaj-s/
English	grinding stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磨
Reading #	2/2
No.	8710
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*maːls/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 磨

Compounds

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(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Kanji

磨

(Jōyō kanji)

to polish
to grind
to brush (teeth)

Readings

Go-on: ま (ma, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ば (ba)
Kun: みがく (migaku, 磨く, Jōyō)、とぐ (togu, 磨ぐ)
Nanori: おさむ (osamu)、きよ (kiyo)

Compounds

研磨(けんま) (kenma)
磨滅(まめつ) (mametsu)

Korean

Hanja

磨 • (ma) (hangeul 마)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 磨 (ma, mài)

(deprecated template usage) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

磨

Contents

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Navigation menu

磨

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation 1

Definitions

Compounds

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character

Navigation menu

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