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==Japanese==

===Etymology===
The copula {{m|ja|です|tr=desu}} is thought to be a contracted version of {{m|ja|である|であります|tr=de arimasu}}, from {{compound|ja|で|alt1=で|tr1=de|ある|alt2=あります|tr2=arimasu|nocat=1}}; however, there are other possibilities, namely {{m|ja|でござる|でございます|tr=de gozaimasu}}, from {{compound|ja|で|alt1=で|tr1=de|ござる|alt2=ございます|tr2=gozaimasu|nocat=1}}; {{m|ja|でする|tr=de suru}}, from {{compound|ja|で|alt1=で|tr1=de|する|tr2=suru|nocat=1}}; {{m|ja|でおわす|tr=de owasu}}, from {{compound|ja|で|alt1=で|tr1=de|おわす|tr2=owasu|nocat=1}}; and {{m|ja|でそうろう|tr=de sōrō}}, from {{compound|ja|で|alt1=で|tr1=de|そうろう|tr2=sōrō|nocat=1}}.

===Pronunciation===
{{ja-pron|acc=1|dev=2}}

===Verb===
{{ja-verb form}}

# {{n-g|Polite form of {{ja-r|だ}}, after uninflecting parts of speech:}} to [[be]]
#: {{ja-usex|これは私のパソコン'''です'''。|これ は わたし の パソコン '''です'''。|This '''is''' my PC.}}
#: {{ja-usex|昨日はいい天気'''でした'''。|きのう は い.い てんき '''でした'''。|It '''was''' good weather yesterday.}}
#: {{ja-usex|このパスポートはあなたの'''です'''か。|この パスポート は あなた の '''です''' か。|'''Is''' this passport yours?}}
# {{n-g|After the plain past or nonpast form of ''-i'' adjectives (or nonstandardly verbs), to form the polite ending.}}
#: {{ja-usex|とても美しい'''です'''。|とても うつくし.い '''です'''。|It '''is''' very beautiful.}}
#: {{ja-usex|とてもおいしかった'''です'''。|とても おいしかった '''です'''。|It '''was''' very delicious.}}
#: {{ja-usex|私も行きたい'''です'''。|わたし も いきたい '''です'''。|I want to go too.}}

====Usage notes====
The perfective form is {{ja-r|でした}}, volitional {{ja-r|でしょう}}, conjunctive {{ja-r|でして}}. Other forms are not used.

Plain form of verb + {{ja-r|です}} / {{ja-r|でした}} is nonstandard. The standard form is verb ren'yōkei + {{ja-r|-ます}} / {{ja-r|-ました}}. However, both plain form of verb + {{ja-r|でしょう}} and verb ren'yōkei + {{ja-r|-ましょう}} are valid in Standard Japanese – the former mainly expresses [[conjecture]] and the latter mainly expresses [[volition]].

For the past tense of an ''-i'' adjective, the adjective + {{ja-r|でした}} is nonstandard and generally considered a common grammatical mistake made by non-native speakers. The standard form is instead to use the past form of the ''-i'' adjective + {{ja-r|です}}. For the forms {{ja-r|[[ない]] [[です]]}} and {{ja-r|[[なかった]] [[です]]}}, there are synonyms {{ja-r|ありません}} and {{ja-r|[[ありません]] [[でした]]}}.

This word is phonologically an [[enclitic]], similar to [[particle]]s. It is classified as {{m|ja|助動詞|tr=jodōshi||auxiliary verb}} in traditional Japanese grammar.

====Synonyms====
* {{ja-r|どす|ドス}} {{q|traditional for Kyoto}}
* {{ja-r|だす}} {{q|traditional for Osaka}}

====Derived terms====
* {{qualifier|informal}} {{ja-r|っす}}
* {{qualifier|affectational}} {{ja-r|ですぅ}}
* {{ja-r|です体|です たい}}
* {{ja-r|ですます体|です-ます たい}}
* {{ja-r|ですます調|です-ます ちょう}}

====See also====
* {{ja-r|ます}}
* {{qualifier|Etymology 2, verb}} {{ja-r|だ}}
* {{ja-r|で候|でそう}}

{{Japanese basic inflections}}

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