Search Results

Stigmatising the Poor without Negative Images: Images of Extreme Poverty and the Formation of Welfare Attitudes,
Béla Janky, Béla Janky, Boglarka Bakó, Péter Szilágyi and Adrienn Bognár, in Sociological Research Online (2014)
Keywords: Media Portrayal of the Poor; Stigmatisation of the Poor; Video-Vignette; Welfare Attitudes; Ethnic Cues; Roma

Stigmatisation post-liquidation judiciaire et décision bancaire: quel signal de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial ?,
Julien Cusin, Nathalie Gardes and Vincent Maymo, from HAL (2022)
Keywords: Entrepreneur,Stigma,Failure,Signal,Support,Empresario,Estigmatización,Fracaso,Señal,Apoyo,Stigmatisation,Echec,Accompagnement

The embodied relationality of blood-borne viruses: How families matter in the context of a stigmatised viral infection,
Asha Persson, Christy E. Newman, Kylie Valentine, Myra Hamilton, Joanne Bryant and Jack Wallace, in Social Science & Medicine (2019)
Keywords: Australia; Stigmatised infections; Blood-borne viruses; Embodied relationality; Families; Serodiscordance; Phenomenology; Qualitative;

Stigmatisation of those with mental health conditions in the acute general hospital setting. A qualitative framework synthesis,
Amanda Perry, Vanessa Lawrence and Claire Henderson, in Social Science & Medicine (2020)
Keywords: Stigmatisation; Discrimination; Mental health; Acute healthcare; Emergency care; Qualitative synthesis; Critical realist;

The Assessment of Attitudes of Students at Medical Schools towards Psychiatry and Psychiatric Patients—A Cross-Sectional Online Survey,
Mateusz Babicki, Krzysztof Kowalski, Bogna Bogudzińska and Patryk Piotrowski, in IJERPH (2021)
Keywords: mental health; stigmatisation; MICA-2

The production of territorial stigmatisation,
Troels Schultz Larsen and Kristian Nagel Delica, in City (2019)

Stretching stigmatised territory,
Alistair Sisson, in City (2018)

How Stigmatising Is Schizophrenia in India?,
R. Thara and T. Srinivasan, in International Journal of Social Psychiatry (2000)

De prêtre à prêtres mariés: faire face à la menace identitaire lors d'une macro transition stigmatisante,
François Grima, Emmanuel Abord de Chatillon and Pauline de Becdelièvre, from HAL (2015)
Keywords: transition professionnelle,stigmatisation,prêtres,identité

Accounting, paper shadows and the stigmatised poor,
Stephen P. Walker, in Accounting, Organizations and Society (2008)

The long shadow of territorial stigma: Upward social mobility and the symbolic baggage of the old neighbourhood,
Anthony Miro Born, in Urban Studies (2023)
Keywords: class; inequality; neighbourhood; social mobility; territorial stigmatisation

Place de l’offre dans la construction d’une identité stigmatisée: le cas des personnes en situation de handicap moteur,
Jean-Philippe Nau, Christian Derbaix and Géraldine Thévenot, from HAL (2016)
Keywords: handicap, identité, interactionnisme symbolique, offre, stigmatisation

Obesity: the link between stigma and perceived responsibility,
Angélique Rodhain and Andréa Gourmelen, from HAL (2018)
Keywords: obesity,life narrative,responsibility,attribution theory,stigmatisation

Financial credit and social discredit: the pawnbroking dilemma,
Laura Edwards and Wendy Lomax, in Journal of Financial Services Marketing (2017)
Keywords: Pawnbroking, Financial services, Marketing unmentionables, Stigmatised products

‘Psychopaths’ at Work? Implications of Lay Persons’ Use of Labels and Behavioural Criteria for Psychopathy,
Carlo Caponecchia, Andrew Sun and Anne Wyatt, in Journal of Business Ethics (2012)
Keywords: Psychopathy, Workplace bullying, Stigmatisation, Mis-diagnosis, Prevalence,

Post-bankruptcy stigmatization of entrepreneurs and bankers' decisions to finance,
Julien Cusin and Vincent Maymo, from HAL (2016)
Keywords: Stigmatisation,Echec,Décision de financement,Entrepreneur,Banquier

Jeunes: les stigmatisations de l'apparence,
Olivier Galland, in Économie et Statistique (2006)

Stigmatisation associated with COVID-19 in the general Colombian population,
Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda, Adalberto Campo-Arias, Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro, Luz Adriana Botero-Tobón, Luz Dary Upegui-Arango, María Soledad Rodríguez-Verdugo, María Elena Botero-Tobón, Yinneth Andrea Arismendy-López, William Alberto Robles-Fonnegra, Levinson Niño and Orlando Scoppetta, in International Journal of Social Psychiatry (2021)
Keywords: Social stigma; fear; Coronavirus infections (source MeSH)

Éditorial. Du périurbain stigmatisé au périurbain valorisé ?,
Paul Cary and Sylvie Fol, in Géographie, économie, société (2016)

Physical Cultures of Stigmatisation: Health Policy & Social Class,
Emma Rich, Laura De Pian and Jessica Francombe-Webb, in Sociological Research Online (2015)
Keywords: Health; Physical Activity; Policy; Social Class; Stigma; Physical Cultural Studies

Perception of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs: institutional celebration or stigmatisation?,
Beata Glinka, Eszter Megyeri and Gabriella Tabajdi, in International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business (2023)
Keywords: entrepreneurship; cultural context of entrepreneurship; perception of entrepreneurship; CEE countries.

The etiquette of endometriosis: Stigmatisation, menstrual concealment and the diagnostic delay,
Kate Seear, in Social Science & Medicine (2009)
Keywords: Australia Endometriosis Diagnostic delay Stigma Menstrual etiquette Concealment Menstrual pain Chronic illness Women

Avoiding use of stigmatising descriptors in gambling studies,
Alex Blaszczynski, Thomas B. Swanton and Sally M. Gainsbury, in International Gambling Studies (2020)

Combatting stigmatisation of social housing neighbourhoods in Dublin, Ireland,
Michelle Norris, Michael Byrne and Anna Carnegie, in International Journal of Housing Policy (2019)

Governing stigmatised space: the case of the ‘slums’ of Berlin-Neukölln,
Susanne Soederberg, in New Political Economy (2017)

Legitimising displacement: Academic discourse, territorial stigmatisation and gentrification,
Richard Kirk, in Urban Studies (2024)
Keywords: academic discourse; class; displacement/gentrification; diversity/cohesion/segregation; poverty/exclusion; race/ethnicity; uneven development

Fear of Stigmatisation among Students with Disabilities in Austria,
Sarah Zaussinger and Berta Terzieva, in Social Inclusion (2018)
Keywords: Austria; disability; health impairment; higher education; stigma; student survey; support services

EXISTING LABOUR MARKET MEASURES – SUPPORT OR STIGMATISATION,
Jujea (vijulie) Corina Lavinia, in Annals - Economy Series (2024)
Keywords: active measures, passive measures, support, stigmatization, Romania, integration

Stigmatising Prostitution: Some Evidence from the UK,
Francesca Bettio, Marina Della Giusta, Maria Di Tommaso and Sarah Jewell, from Department of Economics, University of Reading (2016)

Activating Territorial Stigma: Gentrifying Marginality on Edinburgh's Periphery,
Hamish Kallin and Tom Slater, in Environment and Planning A (2014)
Keywords: territorial stigmatisation; gentrification; regeneration; council housing; tenure; class; Craigmillar; Edinburgh

‘I call it the dark side’: Stigma, social capital and social networks in a disadvantaged neighbourhood,
Julia Verdouw and Kathleen Flanagan, in Urban Studies (2019)
Keywords: disadvantage; place; social capital; social network analysis; stigmatisation

The damages of stigma, the benefits of prestige: Examining the consequences of perceived residential reputations on neighbourhood attachment,
Gabriel Otero, Quentin Ramond, María Luisa Méndez, Rafael Carranza, Felipe Link and Javier Ruiz-Tagle, in Urban Studies (2024)
Keywords: Latin America; neighbourhood attachment; residential reputation; residential segregation; territorial stigmatisation

Differentiation under capitalism: Genesis and consequences of the rent gap,
Cheng Liu, Yu Deng, Weixuan Song, Qiyan Wu and Jian Gong, in Environment and Planning A (2021)
Keywords: Uneven development; gentrification; differentiation; rent gap; displacement; territorial stigmatisation

Entrepreneurship, technological change and endogenous returns to ability,
Patricia Crifo and Hind Sami, from HAL (2008)
Keywords: Technological Change,Entrepreneurship,Stigma,Progrès technique,Activité entrepreneuriale,Stigmatisation

Exploring the Psychosocial Challenges Experienced by Teenage Student Mothers in Senior High Schools in Asene Manso Akroso District, Ghana,
Daniel Yelkpieri, Michael Nyabido Bileman and Matthew Kojo Namale, in Journal of Education and Practice (2024)
Keywords: Psychosocial, Teenage Mothers, Counseling, Stigmatised, Psychological Challenges, Social Changes

Hybrid suburbia: New research perspectives in France and Southern California,
Weber Florian and Kühne Olaf, in Quaestiones Geographicae (2017)
Keywords: suburbia, Southern California, France, stigmatisation, urban-rural hybrids

‘Notorious Schools’ in ‘Notorious Places’? Exploring the Connectedness of Urban and Educational Segregation,
Venla Bernelius, Heidi Huilla and Isabel Ramos Lobato, in Social Inclusion (2021)
Keywords: educational inequality; Helsinki; image; reputation; residential segregation; school segregation; stigmatisation

The Imperium of the Colonial Tongue? Evidence on Language Policy Preferences in Zambia,
Rajesh Ramachandran and Christopher Rauh, in Journal of African Economies (2023)
Keywords: ethnic cleavages, language policy, stigmatisation, JEL classification: F35, O11, O23

La construction de la confiance: le cas de l’entrée en relation du banquier avec un entrepreneur ayant une subi une liquidation,
Julien Cusin and Vincent Maymo, from HAL (2023)
Keywords: Trust,Stigmatization,Entrepreneur,Failure,Banker,Confiance,Stigmatisation,Echec,Banquier

A Brute Indicator for a NEET Case: Genesis and Evolution of a Problematic Concept and Results from an Alternative Indicator,
Pau Serracant, in Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement (2014)
Keywords: Social indicators, Vulnerability, NEET, Youth transition, Welfare regimes, Stigmatisation,

Moving Beyond ‘Supply And Demand’ Catchphrases: Assessing the Uses and Limitations of Demand-Based Approaches in Anti-Trafficking,
Global Alliance Against Trafficking in Women (gaatw), from eSocialSciences (2015)
Keywords: Trafficking, migration, gender, demand, supply, economic models of trafficking, stigmatisation, exploitation

Factors influencing the level of self-stigmatisation in people with mental illness,
Lucie Kalisova, Jiri Michalec, Demetra Hadjipapanicolaou and Jiri Raboch, in International Journal of Social Psychiatry (2018)
Keywords: Mental illness; self-stigma; sociodemographic factors; stigma

Re-encoding the Spectacle: Urban Fatefulness and Mediated Stigmatisation in the 'City of Tomorrow',
Andre Jansson, in Urban Studies (2005)

The Riots of the Underclass?: Stigmatisation, Mediation and the Government of Poverty and Disadvantage in Neoliberal Britain,
Imogen Tyler, in Sociological Research Online (2013)

Bureaucratic bastardry: robodebt/debt recovery, AI and the stigmatisation of citizens by machines and systems,
Adam Graycar and Adam B. Masters, in International Journal of Public Policy (2022)
Keywords: malign policy; robodebt; public values; administrative evil; bureaucratic bastardry.

Finance et banques: entre défiance éternelle et stigmatisation,
Catherine Lubochinsky, from HAL (2022)
Keywords: [Pas de mot-clé]

Exploring children's stigmatisation of AIDS-affected children in Zimbabwe through drawings and stories,
Catherine Campbell, Morten Skovdal, Zivai Mupambireyi and Simon Gregson, in Social Science & Medicine (2010)
Keywords: Zimbabwe AIDS Stigma Children Psychosocial well-being Drawings Social representations Africa

Perceived stigmatisation of young mothers: An exploratory study of psychological and social experience,
Rob Whitley and Laurence J. Kirmayer, in Social Science & Medicine (2008)
Keywords: Canada Stigma Motherhood Social exclusion Culture Young mothers

Drug abuse, HIV/AIDS and stigmatisation in a Dai community in Yunnan, China,
Rui Deng, Jianghong Li, Luechai Sringernyuang and Kaining Zhang, in Social Science & Medicine (2007)
Keywords: Drug abuse HIV/AIDS Stigma Discrimination China Heroin addiction

‘Western Balkans’ as the New Balkans: Regional Names as Tools for Stigmatisation and Exclusion,
Pål Kolstø, in Europe-Asia Studies (2016)

A Theory of Signalling During Job Search, Employment Efficiency, and "Stigmatised" Jobs,
Barry McCormick, in The Review of Economic Studies (1990)

From stimulants to 'doping': stigmatisation processes and advances in the threshold of shame,
., from Edward Elgar Publishing (2024)
Keywords: Business and Management, Economics and Finance, Sociology and Social Policy,

Mental health literacy, stigma and perception of causation of mental illness among Chinese people in Taiwan,
Xiao Yu Zhuang, Daniel Fu Keung Wong, Chi-Wei Cheng and Shu-Man Pan, in International Journal of Social Psychiatry (2017)
Keywords: Depression literacy; schizophrenia literacy; stigmatising attitudes; perceptions of causation of mental illness; Taiwanese Chinese

The Cités Strike Back: Restive Responses to Territorial Taint in the French Banlieues,
Paul Kirkness, in Environment and Planning A (2014)
Keywords: territorial stigmatisation; urban marginality; identity; self-affirmation; resistance; transgression; urban policy; Wacquant; France

Televised Territorial Stigma: How Social Housing Tenants Experience the Fictional Media Representation of Estates in Australia,
Kathy Arthurson, Michael Darcy and Dallas Rogers, in Environment and Planning A (2014)
Keywords: territorial stigmatisation; social housing estates; media; television; images of the poor; stigma; neighbourhood reputation

ASEAN Enlargement and Norm Change – A Window of Opportunity for Democracy and Human Rights Entrepreneurs?,
Kerstin Radtke, in Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs (2014)
Keywords: Burma/Myanmar; ASEAN enlargement; regional identity; norm entrepreneur; stigmatisation; agenda-setting

Anticipated stigma and blameless guilt: Mothers' evaluation of life with the sex-linked disorder, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XHED),
Angus Clarke, in Social Science & Medicine (2016)
Keywords: United Kingdom; Stigmatisation; Discrimination; Guilt; Blame; X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia; Grandmother; Reproductive decision;

The 'Underclass' Debate – A Discourse that Maligns People Living in Poverty,
Michels Hans-Peter, in Social Change Review (2013)
Keywords: Underclass Neoliberal ideological transformation Social inequality Poverty Charles Murray Stigmatisation of the poor

Finding a Political Strategy for a Basic Income in Australia,
Tim Hollo, from Palgrave Macmillan (2019)
Keywords: Australian Labor Party, Liberal Party, Australian Greens, Stigmatisation of welfare, Fetishisation of paid labour, Dignity of work, Unions

Unfolding Knowledge on Sexual Violence Experienced by Black Lesbian Survivors in the Townships of Cape Town, South Africa,
Jacqueline K. Wilson, in European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research Articles (2018)
Keywords: stigmatisation, townships, HIV/AIDS, sexuality, rape, discrimination, gender, black lesbian, rape culture, hate crime, sexual violence

The effects of different dimensions of HIV-related stigma on HIV testing uptake among young men and women in Cape Town, South Africa,
Brendan Maughan-Brown and Laura Nyblade, from Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town (2013)
Keywords: HIV/AIDS; stigmatisation; HIV-testing; Africa; women; Cape Area Panel Study; CAPS

Firouzeh Nahavandi, Du développement à la globalisation. Histoire d'une stigmatisation,
Hugon Philippe, in Revue Tiers Monde (2006)

The Campaign against ‘Live Exports’ in the UK: Animal Protectionism, the Stigmatisation of Place and the Language of Moral Outrage,
John Walls, in Sociological Research Online (2002)
Keywords: Animal Protectionism; Emotions; Live Exports; Moral Outrage; Public Order Policing; Stigma

‘They love me, but they don’t understand me’: Family support and stigmatisation of mental health service users in Gujarat, India,
Faraaz Mahomed, Michael Ashley Stein, Ajay Chauhan and Soumitra Pathare, in International Journal of Social Psychiatry (2019)
Keywords: Stigma; support; family; human rights

Putting the Squeeze on ‘Generation Rent’: Housing Benefit Claimants in the Private Rented Sector - Transitions, Marginality and Stigmatisation,
Ian Cole, Ryan Powell and Elizabeth Sanderson, in Sociological Research Online (2016)
Keywords: Generation Rent; Welfare Reform; Housing Benefit; Marginality; Transitions

‘Demarginalising’ a territorially stigmatised neighbourhood?: The relationship between governance configurations and trajectories of urban change,
Hannah Holmes, in Environment and Planning A (2022)
Keywords: Territorial stigma; gentrification; governance; demarginalisation; Middlesbrough

Residents' Views on Social Mix: Social Mix, Social Networks and Stigmatisation in Post-war Housing Estates in Europe,
Sako Musterd, in Urban Studies (2008)

Stigmatisation post -liquidation judiciaire et décision bancaire: quel signal de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial ?,
Julien Cusin, Nathalie Gardès and Vincent Maymo, in Revue de l'Entrepreneuriat (2022)
Keywords: entrepreneur, stigma, failure, signal, support

Barriers and Enablers to Health-Seeking for People Affected by Severe Stigmatising Skin Diseases (SSSDs): A Scoping Review,
Rosalind McCollum, Hannah Berrian, Sally Theobald, Zeela Zaizay, Karsor Kollie and Laura Dean, in Social Sciences (2022)
Keywords: health-seeking; neglected tropical diseases; stigma; skin disease; holistic care

Comment renforcer l’attractivité employeur au sein d’un secteur stigmatisé ? Le cas de l’industrie,
Catherine Glee-Vermande and Chloé Guillot-Soulez, from HAL (2019)

Stigmatising Attitudes among People Offered Home-Based HIV Testing and Counselling in Blantyre, Malawi: Construction and Analysis of a Stigma Scale,
Peter MacPherson, Emily L Webb, Augustine T Choko, Nicola Desmond, Kondwani Chavula, Sue Napierala Mavedzenge, Simon D Makombe, Treza Chunda, S Bertel Squire and Elizabeth L Corbett, in PLOS ONE (2011)

Investigating the potential for ethnic group harm in collaborative genomics research in Africa: Is ethnic stigmatisation likely?,
Jantina de Vries, Muminatou Jallow, Thomas N. Williams, Dominic Kwiatkowski, Michael Parker and Raymond Fitzpatrick, in Social Science & Medicine (2012)
Keywords: Africa; Kenya; The Gambia; Ethnicity; Stigma; Genomics; MalariaGEN;

Exploring stigmatisation among people diagnosed with either bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder: A critical realist analysis,
Oliver Bonnington and Diana Rose, in Social Science & Medicine (2014)
Keywords: United Kingdom; Discrimination; Stigma; Critical realism; Morphogenesis; Bipolar disorder; Borderline personality disorder; Mental illness;

Are drug treatment services only for 'thieving junkie scumbags'? Drug users and the management of stigmatised identities,
Polly Radcliffe and Alex Stevens, in Social Science & Medicine (2008)
Keywords: UK Substance misuse Drug treatment services Stigma Identity

From Priests to married priests: dealing with an identity threat during a stigmatising macro transition,
Emmanuel Abord de Chatillon, François Grima and Pauline de Becdelièvre, from HAL (2016)

Resilience of Pregnant and Parenting Learners to Pursue Educational Aspirations Within a Stigmatising School Setting in Rural South Africa,
Tawanda Runhare, Eunice Kanaga-Majanga and Rifumuni Nancy Mathebula, in Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies (2021)

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Mental Health Intervention on Self-Compassion and Stigmatisation Attitudes among Leaders and Their Followers,
Ivana Šípová, Dorota Lofajová, Martin Máčel, Karina Nielsen and Siw Tone Innstrand, in Central European Business Review (2024)
Keywords: mental health, effectiveness evaluation, training, process evaluation

When sorry is not an option: CSR reporting and ‘face work’ in a stigmatised industry – A case study of Barrick (Acacia) gold mine in Tanzania,
Sarah Lauwo, Orthodoxia Kyriacou and Olatunde Julius Otusanya, in CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING (2020)
Keywords: Benoit; Goffman; Stigma; Image repair; Mining industry; CSR discourse; Tanzania;

Le cr�dit � la consommation en France, 1947-1965. De la stigmatisation � la r�glementation,
Hubert Bonin, in Business History (2016)

Le crédit à la consommation en France, 1947-1965. De la stigmatisation à la réglementation,
Hubert Bonin, in Business History (2017)

Therapeutic Environments in Drug Treatment: From Stigmatising Spaces to Enabling Places. A Theory-Based Qualitative Analysis,
Mads Bank and Kirsten K. Roessler, in IJERPH (2022)
Keywords: therapeutic environments; space; stigma; drug treatment; youth; post-structuralism

“What? That’s for Old People, that.” Home Adaptations, Ageing and Stigmatisation: A Qualitative Inquiry,
Cathy Bailey, Dominic Aitken, Gemma Wilson, Philip Hodgson, Barbara Douglas and Rachael Docking, in IJERPH (2019)
Keywords: home adaptations; housing; older people; ageism; healthy ageing; independent living

Navigating Ethnic Stigmatisation in the Educational Setting: Coping Strategies of Young Immigrants and Descendants of Immigrants in Norway,
Katrine Fangen and Brit Lynnebakke, in Social Inclusion (2014)
Keywords: coping strategies; education; immigrants; navigation; Norway; social exclusion

“A Good Place for the Poor!” Counternarratives to Territorial Stigmatisation from Two Informal Settlements in Dhaka,
Kazi Nazrul Fattah and Peter Walters, in Social Inclusion (2020)
Keywords: counternarratives; Dhaka; informal settlements; megacity; territorial stigma

Historical and Spatial Layers of Cultural Intimacy: Urban Transformation of a Stigmatised Suburban Estate on the Periphery of Helsinki,
Pekka Tuominen, in Social Inclusion (2020)
Keywords: cultural intimacy; ethnography; Finland; resistance; territorial stigma; urban marginalisation; urban transformation

Drinking, Smoking, and Morality: Do ‘Drinkers and Smokers’ Constitute a Stigmatised Stereotype or a Real TB Risk Factor in the Time of HIV/AIDS?,
Valerie Møller, Ida Erstad and Dalinyebo Zani, in Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement (2010)
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Drinking and smoking, Alcohol abuse, Stereotypes, Scapegoats, HIV/AIDS stigma,

Flexibility Stigma Across Europe: How National Contexts can Shift the Extent to which Flexible Workers are Stigmatised,
Heejung Chung and Hyojin Seo, in Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement (2024)
Keywords: Flexible working, Stigma, Cross-national variation, Europe, Culture, Policies

Stigmatization, Liability and Public Enforcement of Law,
Clemens Buchen, Bruno Deffains and Alberto Palermo, in Revue d'économie politique (2019)
Keywords: stigmatization, liability, public enforcement of law, regulatory offenses, legal standard, stigmatisation, règles de responsabilité, respect des normes juridiques, infractions

Comparing stigmatising attitudes towards people with substance use disorders between the general public, GPs, mental health and addiction specialists and clients,
Leonieke C van Boekel, Evelien PM Brouwers, Jaap van Weeghel and Henk FL Garretsen, in International Journal of Social Psychiatry (2015)
Keywords: Social stigma; substance-related disorders; social distance; stereotyping; social perception; attribution beliefs

Stigmatising attitudes towards people who inject drugs, and people living with blood borne viruses or sexually transmissible infections in a representative sample of the Australian population,
Timothy R Broady, Loren Brener, Elena Cama, Max Hopwood and Carla Treloar, in PLOS ONE (2020)