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Europe

Asta Nielsen Valdemar Psilander

China

Ruan Lingyu

USA

Harold Lloyd Lillian Gish

Canada

Mary Pickford

China

Bruce Lee Gong Li

Europe

Victor Borge Marlene Dietrich Yuri Nikulin Francisco Martínez Soria

France

Brigitte Bardot Jean-Paul Belmondo Bourvil Louis de Funès Alain Delon Fernandel Jean Gabin Jean Marais Gérard Philipe Michel Piccoli

Great Britain

Julie Andrews John Cleese Judi Dench Audrey Hepburn Anthony Hopkins Jeremy Irons Vivien Leigh Ida Lupino Malcolm McDowell Laurence Olivier Peter O'Toole Peter Sellers

Italy

Claudia Cardinale Kamal Haasan Gina Lollobrigida Sophia Loren Marcello Mastroianni Alberto Sordi

Sweden

Ingrid Bergman Greta Garbo

India

Amitabh Bachchan Guru Dutt Pran

Japan

Takeshi Kitano Toshiro Mifune

USA

Fred Astaire Lauren Bacall Jack Benny Sarah Bernhardt Humphrey Bogart Marlon Brando Charles Bronson Marx Brothers James Cagney George Carlin Johnny Carson Charlie Chaplin Claudette Colbert Gary Cooper Bill Cosby Joan Crawford Bing Crosby Tom Cruise Peter Cushing Bette Davis Doris Day Robert De Niro James Dean Johnny Depp Kirk Douglas Henry Fonda Jane Fonda Harrison Ford Morgan Freeman Clark Gable Ava Gardner Judy Garland Cary Grant Gene Hackman Tom Hanks Rita Hayworth Katharine Hepburn Charlton Heston Dustin Hoffman Bob Hope Samuel L. Jackson Buster Keaton Grace Kelly Gene Kelly Deborah Kerr Burt Lancaster Jerry Lewis Bela Lugosi Dean Martin Steve McQueen Liza Minnelli Marilyn Monroe Eddie Murphy Paul Newman Jack Nicholson Al Pacino Gregory Peck Sidney Poitier Anthony Quinn Ginger Rogers William Shatner Barbara Stanwyck James Stewart Meryl Streep Barbra Streisand Ed Sullivan Elizabeth Taylor Shirley Temple Spencer Tracy John Wayne Orson Welles Mae West Robin Williams Bruce Willis

Ancient era

Europe

Callicrates Myron Phidias Vitruvius

Medieval era

Europe

Hieronymus Bosch Jan van Eyck Giotto Andrei Rublev

Renaissance to early modern era

France

Jacques-Louis David Eugène Delacroix François Mansart Nicolas Poussin

Germany

Caspar David Friedrich Albrecht Dürer Karl Friedrich Schinkel

Italy

Borromini Caravaggio Bernini Giovanni Bellini Sandro Botticelli Bramante Canaletto Piero della Francesca Andrea Mantegna Masaccio Michelangelo Palladio Raphael Andrea del Sarto Tintoretto Titian Paolo Veronese Leonardo da Vinci

Netherlands

Anthony van Dyck Peter Paul Rubens Rembrandt Johannes Vermeer

Spain

Jusepe de Ribera Diego Velázquez

Modern era (painters)

Americas

Mexico

Frida Kahlo

United States

Mary Cassatt Georgia O'Keeffe Jackson Pollock Andy Warhol Grant Wood

Europe

Paul Klee Gustav Klimt Edvard Munch Mark Rothko Victor Vasarely

France

Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres Paul Cézanne Edgar Degas Paul Gauguin Édouard Manet Henri Matisse Claude Monet Pierre-Auguste Renoir Henri Rousseau Toulouse-Lautrec

Great Britain

Francis Bacon (artist) William Hogarth Margaret Mee J. M. W. Turner

Netherlands

Vincent van Gogh Piet Mondrian

Russia

Wassily Kandinsky Kazimir Malevich Ilya Repin

Spain

Salvador Dalí Francisco Goya Joan Miró Pablo Picasso

Auguste Rodin Donatello

Americas

Brazil

Oscar Niemeyer

United States

Walter Burley Griffin William Le Baron Jenney Frank Gehry Frank Lloyd Wright Richard Meier Louis Sullivan

Asia

I. M. Pei Mimar Sinan Kenzo Tange

Europe

Alvar Aalto Le Corbusier Gaudí Victor Horta Richard Neutra Renzo Piano Christopher Wren

Germany

Günter Behnisch Peter Behrens Walter Gropius Erich Mendelsohn Frei Otto Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Hans Scharoun

China

Shitao

India

Raja Ravi Varma

Iran

Abd al-Samad

Japan

Hiroshige Hokusai Sesshū Tōyō

Abu Nuwas Adam Mickiewicz Aeschylus Agatha Christie Aldous Huxley Alexander Pushkin Alejo Carpentier Alexandre Dumas Alice Walker Allen Ginsberg Amir Khusrow Anton Chekhov Aristophanes Arthur C. Clarke Arthur Conan Doyle Arthur Miller Arthur Rimbaud Astrid Lindgren Bertolt Brecht Brothers Grimm Carl Sandburg Charles Dickens Clifford D. Simak Dante Alighieri Dashiell Hammett Douglas Adams Du Fu Edgar Allan Poe Eino Leino Emily Dickinson Erich Maria Remarque Ernest Hemingway Euripides F. Scott Fitzgerald Franz Kafka Fyodor Dostoyevsky Gabriel García Márquez Geoffrey Chaucer George Bernard Shaw George Orwell Ghalib H. G. Wells Hafez Hans Christian Andersen Harold Pinter Heinrich Heine Henrik Ibsen Henry James Henry Miller Hermann Hesse Hildegard of Bingen Homer Horace Ilf and Petrov Isaac Asimov Ivan Vazov J. R. R. Tolkien Jack Kerouac Jack London Rumi James Joyce Jane Austen Jerome K. Jerome Johann Wolfgang von Goethe John Steinbeck John Updike Jonathan Swift Jorge Luis Borges José Martí José Saramago Jules Verne Kālidāsa Kurt Vonnegut Langston Hughes Leo Tolstoy Lewis Carroll Li Bai Livius Andronicus Lord Byron Marcel Proust Mark Twain Mario Vargas Llosa Martin Amis Mary Wollstonecraft Matsuo Bashō Maxim Gorky Miguel de Cervantes Mikhail Bulgakov Molière Murasaki Shikibu Naguib Mahfouz Nathaniel Hawthorne Nikolai Gogol Nikos Kazantzakis O. Henry Olaf Stapledon Omar Khayyám Oscar Wilde Ovid Pablo Neruda Petrarch Philip K. Dick Plutarch Rabindranath Tagore Rainer Maria Rilke Ray Bradbury Raymond Chandler Roald Dahl Robert A. Heinlein Robert Frost Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Sheckley Rudyard Kipling Saadi Shirazi Salman Rushdie Sappho Saul Bellow Sophocles Thomas Hardy Thomas Mann Thomas Pynchon Toni Morrison Truman Capote Umberto Eco Victor Hugo Virgil Virginia Woolf Vladimir Nabokov W. S. Gilbert Walt Whitman William Blake W. B. Yeats William Shakespeare Yasunari Kawabata Yukio Mishima Zeami Motokiyo

Qu Yuan Aesop Menander

Ferdowsi Jami Kabir Nizami Ganjavi Rudaki Giovanni Boccaccio Chrétien de Troyes Christine de Pizan

Fuzûlî Tulsidas Wu Cheng'en Pedro Calderón de la Barca Luís de Camões Pierre Corneille Gavrila Derzhavin John Dryden Christopher Marlowe John Milton Jean Racine Edmund Spenser Lope de Vega

Chinua Achebe Wole Soyinka Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o J. M. Coetzee Nadine Gordimer Margaret Atwood Pearl S. Buck T. S. Eliot William Faulkner John Grisham Ken Kesey Stephen King Ursula K. Le Guin Sinclair Lewis Herman Melville Margaret Mitchell Mario Puzo Ezra Pound J. D. Salinger Isaac Bashevis Singer Harriet Beecher Stowe Gore Vidal William Carlos Williams Jorge Amado Chinghiz Aitmatov Muhammad Iqbal Kenzaburō Ōe Lu Xun Kahlil Gibran France Prešeren Ismail Kadare Joseph Conrad Sándor Petőfi Henryk Sienkiewicz Taras Shevchenko Elie Wiesel Anna Akhmatova Joseph Brodsky Ivan Bunin Alexander Grin Nikolay Karamzin Mikhail Lermontov Vladimir Mayakovsky Nikolay Nekrasov Boris Pasternak Mikhail Sholokhov Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Aleksey Nikolayevich Tolstoy Ivan Turgenev Fyodor Tyutchev Antonin Artaud Honoré de Balzac Charles Baudelaire Karen Blixen Gustave Flaubert Anne Frank Federico García Lorca André Gide Knut Hamsun Eugène Ionesco Selma Lagerlöf Eugenio Montale Luigi Pirandello Friedrich Schiller August Strindberg Tristan Tzara Émile Zola Kingsley Amis W. H. Auden Enid Blyton Anthony Burgess Robert Graves John Keats C. S. Lewis Alan Moore V. S. Naipaul Walter Scott John Millington Synge William Wordsworth

Composers

Mily Balakirev Georges Bizet Alexander Borodin César Cui Guillaume Dufay Gustav Holst Jon Lord Alan Parsons Bedřich Smetana Anahit Tsitsikian Pancho Vladigerov

Medieval and Renaissance

Giovanni da Palestrina

Baroque period (1600–1760)

Johann Sebastian Bach George Frideric Handel Claudio Monteverdi Antonio Vivaldi

Classical period (1730–1820)

Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Romantic period (1815–1910)

Ludwig van Beethoven Hector Berlioz Johannes Brahms Anton Bruckner Frédéric Chopin Antonín Dvořák Edvard Grieg Franz Liszt Gustav Mahler Felix Mendelssohn Modest Mussorgsky Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Gioachino Rossini Franz Schubert Robert Schumann Johann Strauss Gilbert and Sullivan Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Giuseppe Verdi Richard Wagner

20th century

Harold Arlen Béla Bartók Claude Debussy Joe Hisaishi Sergei Prokofiev Giacomo Puccini Maurice Ravel Arnold Schoenberg Dmitri Shostakovich Jean Sibelius Igor Stravinsky

Performers

Conductors

Leonard Bernstein

Singers

Umm Kulthum Vladimir Vysotsky

Violinists/celist

Yo-Yo Ma Niccolò Paganini

Ravi Shankar

ABBA Mariah Carey Cher David Coverdale Bruce Dickinson Ronnie James Dio Celine Dion Michael Jackson Elton John Madonna Bob Marley Joni Mitchell Frank Sinatra Stevie Wonder

American folk and country

Johnny Cash Faith Hill Alan Jackson George Jones Barbara Mandrell Peter, Paul and Mary Reba McEntire Ronnie Milsap Dolly Parton Hank Williams

Blues and soul

Ray Charles* Aretha Franklin* B.B. King

Composers and songwriters

Vangelis

Film music

Jerry Goldsmith Henry Mancini Ennio Morricone Richard Rogers Miklós Rózsa Max Steiner John Williams

Guitarists

John Lee Hooker Stevie Ray Vaughan

Hip-hop and rap

Tupac Shakur

Jazz

Louis Armstrong Miles Davis George Gershwin Antônio Carlos Jobim Glenn Miller

Musical comedy and lyricists

Irving Berlin Jerome Kern Cole Porter Andrew Lloyd Webber

Non-English language singers

Édith Piaf Lata Mangeshkar Alla Pugacheva Mohammed Rafi Zhou Xuan

Rock

AC/DC John Barry The Beatles John Lennon Paul McCartney Chuck Berry David Bowie Eric Clapton Joe Cocker Phil Collins Alice Cooper Deep Purple The Doors Bob Dylan Peter Gabriel Simon & Garfunkel Jimi Hendrix Janis Joplin Metallica Gary Moore Nirvana Ozzy Osbourne Pink Floyd Roger Waters Elvis Presley Queen Freddie Mercury Linda Ronstadt Black Sabbath Bruce Springsteen The Rolling Stones Keith Richards Mick Jagger Tina Turner U2 Led Zeppelin

Billy the Kid Al Capone Pablo Escobar

Woody Allen Pedro Almodóvar Robert Altman Jean-Jacques Annaud Roberto Benigni Ingmar Bergman Bernardo Bertolucci Danny Boyle Ken Burns James Cameron Frank Capra Clint Eastwood Francis Ford Coppola George Cukor Walt Disney Carl Theodor Dreyer Sergei Eisenstein Rainer Werner Fassbinder John Ford Miloš Forman Bob Fosse Jean-Luc Godard Samuel Goldwyn Terry Gilliam D. W. Griffith Alfred Hitchcock Ron Howard John Huston Elia Kazan Andrei Konchalovsky Stanley Kubrick Akira Kurosawa Fritz Lang David Lean Ang Lee Frank Lloyd George Lucas Sidney Lumet Auguste and Louis Lumière Joseph L. Mankiewicz Frances Marion Nikita Mikhalkov Lewis Milestone Brian De Palma Alan Parker Roman Polanski Sydney Pollack Carlo Ponti Leni Riefenstahl Satyajit Ray Robert Redford Jean Renoir Carlos Saura Martin Scorsese David O. Selznick Mack Sennett Vittorio De Sica Aaron Sorkin Steven Spielberg Oliver Stone Quentin Tarantino Irving Thalberg Giuseppe Tornatore Lars von Trier Luchino Visconti Hal B. Wallis Wim Wenders Billy Wilder Robert Wise William Wyler Darryl F. Zanuck Robert Zemeckis

Ancient, 1

Marcus Licinius Crassus

Middle age, 1

Lorenzo de' Medici

Industrial revolution, 19

Samuel Crompton Thomas Newcomen John Jacob Astor Joseph Seligman Jamsetji Tata

United States

Andrew Carnegie James Buchanan Duke Henry Ford Meyer Guggenheim Charles T. Hinde Howard Hughes J. P. Morgan J. Paul Getty William Randolph Hearst John D. Rockefeller Leland Stanford Cornelius Vanderbilt Madam C. J. Walker George Westinghouse

Modern, 8

Xu Rongmao Coco Chanel Alan Sugar Dhirubhai Ambani Muhammad Yunus

United States

Ray Kroc Sam Walton

Contemporary, 11

Mukesh Ambani Carlos Slim Sergey Brin Richard Branson

United States

Bill Gates Steve Jobs Elon Musk Larry Page Donald Trump Ted Turner Mark Zuckerberg

Earlier

Ibn Battuta Leif Ericson

Age of discovery

Willem Barentsz John Cabot Pedro Álvares Cabral Jacques Cartier Christopher Columbus Hernán Cortés Francis Drake Juan Sebastián Elcano Vasco da Gama Ferdinand Magellan Ponce de Leon Francisco Pizarro Marco Polo Hernando de Soto Abel Tasman Amerigo Vespucci Zheng He

Early modern

Vitus Bering James Cook Alexander von Humboldt David Livingstone Henry Morton Stanley

Modern

Roald Amundsen Neil Armstrong Yuri Gagarin John Glenn Edmund Hillary Tenzing Norgay

Alvin Ailey Marian Anderson Frederick Ashton Mikhail Baryshnikov* Maurice Béjart Carlo Blasis Andrea Bocelli Erik Bruhn Enrico Caruso Cyd Charisse Boris Christoff Plácido Domingo Isadora Duncan Fanny Elssler Michel Fokine Margot Fonteyn Gregory Hines Avdotia Istomina Robert Joffrey Tamara Karsavina Rudolf von Laban Jenny Lind Natalia Makarova Arthur Mitchell Vaslav Nijinsky Birgit Nilsson Rudolf Nureyev Luciano Pavarotti Anna Pavlova Marius Petipa Leontyne Price Jerome Robbins Renata Scotto Antoinette Sibley Beverly Sills Frederica von Stade Marie Taglioni Maria Tallchief Twyla Tharp Gaétan Vestris

Ancient, 18

Aristotle Augustine of Hippo Boethius Confucius Diogenes of Sinope Han Fei Heraclitus Laozi Li Si Mencius Plato Ptahhotep Seneca the Younger Shang Yang Socrates Thales Xunzi Zhuangzi

Middle Ages, 10

Averroes Francis Bacon Giordano Bruno Duns Scotus Maimonides Nicholas of Cusa Thomas Aquinas Wang Yangming William of Ockham Zhu Xi

Early modern, 21

George Berkeley Johan Amos Comenius René Descartes Desiderius Erasmus Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Thomas Hobbes David Hume William James Immanuel Kant Søren Kierkegaard Gotthold Ephraim Lessing John Locke John Stuart Mill Montesquieu Friedrich Nietzsche Jean-Jacques Rousseau Friedrich Schleiermacher Arthur Schopenhauer Baruch Spinoza Emanuel Swedenborg Voltaire

Modern, 35

Theodor W. Adorno Mikhail Bakhtin Simone de Beauvoir Walter Benjamin Henri Bergson Isaiah Berlin Ernst Bloch Martin Buber Albert Camus Ernst Cassirer Benedetto Croce Gilles Deleuze Jacques Derrida John Dewey Ralph Waldo Emerson Ludwig Feuerbach Johann Gottlieb Fichte Gottlob Frege Hans-Georg Gadamer Jürgen Habermas Martin Heidegger Edmund Husserl Julia Kristeva Thomas Kuhn Imre Lakatos Yuri Lotman Marshall McLuhan Maurice Merleau-Ponty Karl Popper John Rawls Bertrand Russell Jean-Paul Sartre Miguel de Unamuno Alfred North Whitehead Ludwig Wittgenstein

Ancient, 6

Eusebius Herodotus Livy Thucydides Sima Qian Xenophon

Middle Ages, 1

Ibn Khaldun

Early modern, 2

Edward Gibbon Leopold von Ranke

Modern, 6

Fernand Braudel Christopher Hill Theodor Mommsen A. J. P. Taylor Barbara W. Tuchman Frederick Jackson Turner

Antiquity, 1

Chanakya

Middle Ages, 1

Niccolò Machiavelli

Early modern period, 4

Thomas Robert Malthus François Quesnay David Ricardo Adam Smith

Modern, 29

Raymond Aron Pierre Bourdieu Noam Chomsky* Émile Durkheim Michel Foucault Milton Friedman Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens Hermann Heinrich Gossen Antonio Gramsci John Maynard Keynes* Paul Krugman Thomas Paine Talcott Parsons Claude Lévi-Strauss Rosa Luxemburg* Karl Marx* C. Wright Mills Hans Morgenthau Bertil Ohlin Max Scheler Max Weber*

Alfred Adler Gordon Allport Albert Bandura Raymond Cattell Hans Eysenck Albert Ellis Erik Erikson Gustav Fechner* Leon Festinger Sigmund Freud* Erich Fromm Jane Goodall Donald O. Hebb Hermann von Helmholtz Karl Jaspers Carl Jung Kurt Lewin Abraham Maslow* David McClelland George Armitage Miller* Ivan Pavlov* Jean Piaget* Carl Rogers Otto Rank Stanley Schachter B. F. Skinner* Benjamin Spock Edward Thorndike John B. Watson Lev Vygotsky

Abraham Adam Daniel David Elijah Ezra Gabriel Isaiah Moses Noah Solomon

Christianity, 55

Mary (mother of Jesus) Jesus John the Apostle John the Baptist Thomas More Paul the Apostle Saint Peter

Eastern Christianity

Arius Athanasius of Alexandria Basil of Caesarea John Chrysostom Clement of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria John of Damascus Saints Cyril and Methodius Gregory of Nazianzus Nestorius Saint Nicholas Patriarch Nikon Gregory of Nyssa Origen

Popes

Pope Clement I Pope Gregory I Pope Leo I Pope Paul VI Pope Pius IX

Protestantism

Jacobus Arminius Thomas Cranmer Billy Graham Huldrych Zwingli Huineng Huiyuan (Buddhist) Kumārajīva Zhiyi

Indian Buddhism

Ananda Maudgalyayana Sariputta Vasubandhu

Japanese Buddhism

Dōgen Kūkai

Ancient

Kanada Kapila Patanjali Valmiki Vyasa

Medieval

Basava Kumārila Bhaṭṭa Gaudapada Madhvacharya Chaitanya Mahaprabhu Ramanuja Adi Shankara

Modern

Sri Aurobindo Ramana Maharshi A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada Ramakrishna Swami Vivekananda Paramahansa Yogananda

Bahá'í

Báb Bahá'u'lláh

Sikhism

Guru Nanak Guru Gobind Singh

Zoroastrianism

Zoroaster

Central Asia

Cyrus the Great Semiramis

Eastern Asia

Qin Shi Huang Sun Tzu

Egypt

Akhenaten Cleopatra Djoser Hatshepsut Nefertiti Ptolemy I Soter Ramesses II Thutmose III Tutankhamun Seti I

Southern Asia

Ashoka Chandragupta Maurya

Western Asia

Croesus Hammurabi Mithridates VI of Pontus Queen of Sheba

Ancient Rome

Antoninus Pius Augustus Constantine the Great Domitian Julius Caesar Marcus Aurelius Nero Theodosius I Tiberius Trajan

Eastern Europe

Attila Pyrrhus of Epirus

Hellenistic Kingdom

Seleucus I Nicator

Macedonia

Alexander the Great Philip II of Macedon

Greece

Alcibiades Demosthenes Pericles Solon

Western Europe

Alaric I Arminius Boudica Vercingetorix Hannibal

Byzantine Empire

Basil II Heraclius Justinian I Leo III the Isaurian Manuel I Komnenos

Caliphates

Abu Bakr Harun al-Rashid Muawiyah I Umar Uthman ibn Affan

Central Asia

Batu Khan Hulagu Khan Timur Ulugh Beg

China

Kublai Khan

Eastern Asia

Genghis Khan Ögedei Khan

Western Asia

Mehmed the Conqueror Osman I Saladin

Eastern Europe

Matthias Corvinus Simeon I of Bulgaria Stephen I of Hungary Vlad the Impaler

England and Scotland

Alfred the Great Edward I of England Henry II of England John, King of England Richard I of England William the Conqueror

France

Charlemagne Chlothar I Clovis I Louis the Pious Louis XI of France Philip II of France Philip IV of France

Germany

Arnulf of Carinthia Charles the Fat Henry the Fowler

Holy Roman Empire

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor Charles the Bald Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor

Italy

Girolamo Savonarola Lucrezia Borgia

Papal States

Pope Alexander VI Pope Boniface VIII Pope Gregory VII Pope Innocent III

Poland and Lithuania

Bolesław I Chrobry Jogaila Mieszko I of Poland

Russia

Alexander Nevsky Ivan III of Russia Sviatoslav I of Kiev Vladimir the Great

Southern Europe

Theoderic the Great

Western Europe

Afonso I of Portugal Cnut the Great Ferdinand II of Aragon Henry the Navigator Isabella I of Castile Lothair I

Americas

Atahualpa Moctezuma II Sitting Bull

United States

Alexander Hamilton George Washington James Madison John Adams Thomas Jefferson

Central Asia

Abbas I of Persia Babur Humayun

Japan

Oda Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Southern Asia

Akbar Aurangzeb Shah Jahan

Western Asia

Mehmed IV Selim I Selim III Suleiman the Magnificent

England and Scotland

Charles I of England Elizabeth I of England Henry VIII James VI and I Mary I of England Mary, Queen of Scots Robert Walpole William III of England William Pitt the Younger

France

Cardinal Mazarin Cardinal Richelieu Catherine de' Medici Francis I of France Henry IV of France Louis XIV Louis XV of France Louis XVI of France

Holy Roman Empire

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Maria Theresa Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor

Italia and Papal States

Pope Clement VII Pope Julius II

Poland and Lithuania

John III Sobieski Sigismund III Vasa

Russia

Alexis of Russia Boris Godunov Catherine the Great Elizabeth of Russia Ivan the Terrible Peter the Great

Western Europe

Charles XII of Sweden Christian IV of Denmark Frederick the Great Philip II of Spain Philip V of Spain William the Silent

Eastern Africa

Haile Selassie I Idi Amin Julius Nyerere

Northern Africa

Abdelkader El Djezairi Anwar Sadat Gamal Abdel Nasser Muammar Gaddafi Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Southern and Central Africa

Cecil Rhodes Hastings Banda Mobutu Sese Seko Nelson Mandela Robert Mugabe Shaka

Western Africa

Kofi Annan Kwame Nkrumah Léopold Sédar Senghor

Brazil

Pedro I of Brazil Pedro II of Brazil

Canada

Pierre Trudeau

Central America and Caribbean

Daniel Ortega Fidel Castro

Mexico

Benito Juárez Porfirio Díaz

South America

Alfredo Stroessner Augusto Pinochet Eva Perón Hugo Chávez José de San Martín Salvador Allende Simón Bolívar

United States

George W. Bush Jimmy Carter Bill Clinton Dwight D. Eisenhower Andrew Jackson Lyndon B. Johnson John F. Kennedy Henry Kissinger Abraham Lincoln Douglas MacArthur James Monroe Richard Nixon James K. Polk Ronald Reagan Franklin D. Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Woodrow Wilson

China

Empress Dowager Cixi Zhou Enlai Hu Jintao Chiang Kai-shek Puyi Deng Xiaoping Sun Yat-sen Mao Zedong

Eastern Asia

Park Chung-hee Hirohito Kim Il-sung Emperor Meiji Eisaku Satō

Central Asia

Heydar Aliyev Nursultan Nazarbayev Saparmurat Niyazov Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

India

Indira Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru Vallabhbhai Patel

Southeastern Asia

Corazon Aquino Ferdinand Marcos Ho Chi Minh Mahathir Mohamad Pol Pot Suharto Sukarno Lee Kuan Yew

Southern Asia

Benazir Bhutto Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Western Asia

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk David Ben-Gurion Abdul Hamid II Saddam Hussein Mahmud II Golda Meir

Austria-Hungary

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria Klemens von Metternich

Eastern Europe

Alexander Dubček Enver Hoxha Leonid Kuchma Josip Broz Tito Józef Piłsudski Lech Wałęsa Nicolae Ceaușescu Slobodan Milošević Václav Havel

France

Charles de Gaulle François Mitterrand Louis Philippe I Napoleon Napoleon III

Germany

Adolf Hitler Erich Honecker Helmut Kohl Konrad Adenauer Otto von Bismarck Wilhelm II, German Emperor William I, German Emperor

Italia and Papal States

Pope John Paul II

Russia and USSR

Alexander II of Russia Boris Yeltsin Eduard Shevardnadze Joseph Stalin Leonid Brezhnev Mikhail Gorbachev Nicholas I of Russia Nicholas II of Russia Nikita Khrushchev

United Kingdom

Benjamin Disraeli Clement Attlee Diana, Princess of Wales Elizabeth II Margaret Thatcher Queen Victoria William Ewart Gladstone Winston Churchill Robert Baden-Powell

Western Europe

António de Oliveira Salazar Benito Mussolini Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Charles XIV John of Sweden Dag Hammarskjöld Francisco Franco Gerhard Schröder Gro Harlem Brundtland Juan Carlos I of Spain Leopold II of Belgium Christian Michelsen Giuseppe Garibaldi

Many Wikipedias have provisions for including current heads of government in their expanded vital article list. This list suggests the heads of the G8 countries, plus Brazil, China, India, the current U.N. Secretary General and the current Pope

Ban Ki-moon (U.N.) Pope Francis (Pope) Dilma Rousseff (Brazil) Stephen Harper (Canada) Xi Jinping (China) François Hollande (France) Angela Merkel (Germany) Manmohan Singh (India) Enrico Letta (Italy) Shinzō Abe (Japan) Vladimir Putin (Russia) David Cameron (U.K.) Barack Obama (U.S.)

Flavius Aetius Pompey Scipio Africanus Sulla Prince Eugene of Savoy Alexander Suvorov Carl von Clausewitz Ulysses S. Grant T. E. Lawrence Robert E. Lee George Marshall Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson Erwin Rommel Vo Nguyen Giap Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Georgy Zhukov

Africa

Steve Biko Thomas Sankara

Asia

Yasser Arafat Aung San Suu Kyi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Ruhollah Khomeini Osama bin Laden

Europe

Joan of Arc Oliver Cromwell Georges Danton Vladimir Lenin Vasil Levski Martin Luther Florence Nightingale Emilia Plater Gavrilo Princip Spartacus Mother Teresa Leon Trotsky William Wallace Simon Wiesenthal

Americas

Che Guevara Pancho Villa

USA

Susan B. Anthony Emma Goldman Al Gore Mother Jones Helen Keller Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa Parks Elizabeth Cady Stanton Sojourner Truth Harriet Tubman Malcolm X

Cate Blanchett (Academy Award for Best Actress 2013) Matthew McConaughey (Academy Award for Best Actor 2013) Eleanor Catton (Man Booker Prize 2013) Alice Munro (Nobel Prize in Literature 2013) Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (Nobel Peace Prize 2013)

Ancient

Archimedes Apollonius of Perga Archytas Aryabhata Diophantus Eratosthenes Euclid Eudoxus of Cnidus Hipparchus Hippocrates Hypatia Pappus of Alexandria Ptolemy Pythagoras Su Song

Middle Ages

Alhacen Bhāskara II Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī Nasir al-Din al-Tusi Avicenna Brahmagupta Fibonacci Geber William Gilbert Seki Takakazu

Astronomy

Tycho Brahe Nicolaus Copernicus Galileo Galilei Edmond Halley Edwin Hubble Johannes Kepler Ole Rømer Carl Sagan

Early modern

Christiaan Huygens Isaac Newton

Modern

André-Marie Ampère Amedeo Avogadro Johann Jakob Balmer William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin Henri Becquerel Hans Bethe Niels Bohr Ludwig Boltzmann William Henry Bragg Henry Cavendish Steven Chu Marie Curie Pierre Curie John Dalton James Dewar Paul Dirac Albert Einstein Michael Faraday Enrico Fermi Richard Feynman Léon Foucault Augustin-Jean Fresnel Stephen Hawking Werner Heisenberg James Prescott Joule Gustav Kirchhoff Lev Landau Ernest Lawrence Hendrik Lorentz Ernst Mach James Clerk Maxwell Albert Abraham Michelson Robert Andrews Millikan Pieter van Musschenbroek Georg Ohm J. Robert Oppenheimer Wolfgang Pauli Max Planck Wilhelm Röntgen Andrei Sakharov Erwin Schrödinger Arnold Sommerfeld G. I. Taylor Edward Teller J. J. Thomson Thomas Young Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich Hans Christian Ørsted Murray Gell-Mann Wallace Carothers George FitzGerald Victor Francis Hess Gerard 't Hooft Alfred Kastler Philipp Lenard Osborne Reynolds Johannes Rydberg Michael Servetus John Hasbrouck Van Vleck Eugene Wigner Robert Wilson

Robert Boyle Josiah Willard Gibbs Antoine Lavoisier Dmitri Mendeleev Joseph Priestley Tadeus Reichstein Ernest Rutherford Willis R. Whitney

Biology

Santiago Ramón y Cajal Thomas Henry Huxley Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Carl Linnaeus Gregor Mendel

Medicine

Casimir Funk Louis Pasteur Jonas Salk Ignaz Semmelweis

Natural sciences

John James Audubon Sadi Carnot Rachel Carson Jacques Cousteau Charles Darwin Alexander Fleming Galen Ernst Haeckel Edward Jenner Richard Leakey Philip Leder

James Russell (inventor) John Logie Baird John Bardeen Georg Bednorz Alexander Graham Bell Karl Benz Emile Berliner Gerd Binnig Clarence Birdseye David Brewster Wright brothers Nolan Bushnell Josephine Cochrane Christopher Cockerell Raymond Vahan Damadian Robert H. Dennard George Eastman Thomas Edison Leo Fender James Fergason Lee De Forest Benjamin Franklin Arthur Fry Buckminster Fuller Robert Fulton Charles Ginsburg Gordon Gould Wilson Greatbatch Johannes Gutenberg Elias Howe Joseph Marie Jacquard Robert Jarvik George Jessup Philippe Kahn John George Kemeny Jack Kilby Stephanie Kwolek Jaron Lanier Ignacy Łukasiewicz Guglielmo Marconi Cyrus McCormick Robert Metcalfe Alfred Nobel Robert Noyce Charles Algernon Parsons Roy J. Plunkett Alfred V. du Pont William Shockley Alan Shugart Isaac Singer Nikola Tesla Alessandro Volta Ernest Walton James Watt Wilhelm E. Weber Eli Whitney Charles Wilson

Early modern

Daniel Bernoulli Jacob Bernoulli Bonaventura Cavalieri Jean le Rond d'Alembert Leonhard Euler Pierre de Fermat Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Blaise Pascal

Modern

Niels Henrik Abel Vladimir Arnold Stefan Banach Isaac Barrow George Boole Georg Cantor Élie Cartan Augustin-Louis Cauchy Richard Dedekind Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet Gotthold Eisenstein Ronald Fisher Joseph Fourier Évariste Galois Carl Friedrich Gauss Alexander Grothendieck Kurt Gödel Jacques Hadamard William Hamilton G. H. Hardy Charles Hermite David Hilbert Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi Felix Klein Andrey Kolmogorov Joseph Louis Lagrange Pierre-Simon Laplace Benoit Mandelbrot Gaspard Monge John von Neumann Emmy Noether Grigori Perelman Henri Poincaré Jean-Victor Poncelet Srinivasa Ramanujan Bernhard Riemann James Harris Simons Karl Weierstrass Hermann Weyl

John Vincent Atanasoff Charles Babbage Tim Berners-Lee Dan Bricklin Seymour Cray Ward Cunningham Douglas Engelbart Herman Hollerith Jean Ichbiah Gary Kildall Donald Knuth Dennis Ritchie Richard Stallman Linus Torvalds Alan Turing Niklaus Wirth

Christiane Amanpour John F. Burns Barkha Dutt Jean-Pierre Elkabbach Robert Fisk* John Humphrys Doan Viet Hoat Arun Shourie Herbert Zimmermann

United States

Ed Bradley David Brinkley Tom Brokaw Hedda Hopper David McCullough* Dan Rather Geraldo Rivera Eric Sevareid Mike Wallace Barbara Walters Walter Winchell

Athletics

Roger Bannister* Usain Bolt* Bob Beamon Sergey Bubka Sebastian Coe Nadia Comăneci* Dick Fosbury Haile Gebrselassie Eric Heiden (US) Stefka Kostadinova Jackie Joyner-Kersee* Rafer Johnson (US) Sawao Kato Carl Lewis* (US) Kipchoge Keino Olga Korbut Larisa Latynina Bobby Morrow (US) Edwin Moses (US) Paavo Nurmi* Jesse Owens* (US) Lilia Podkopayeva Wilma Rudolph (US) Ludmilla Tourischeva Babe Didrikson Zaharias (US) Elena Zamolodchikova Emil Zátopek*

American/Irish/Australian Football

Tom Brady (US) Terry Bradshaw (US) Jim Brown* (US) Dick Butkus* (US) John Elway (US) Brett Favre (US) Otto Graham (US) Walter Payton (US) O. J. Simpson* (US) Vince Lombardi (US) Peyton Manning (US) Dan Marino* (US) Joe Montana* (US) Jerry Rice* (US) Barry Sanders (US) Johnny Unitas* (US)

Badminton

Lin Dan Peter Gade

Basketball

K. Abdul-Jabbar (US) Elgin Baylor (US) Larry Bird (US) Wilt Chamberlain (US) Bob Cousy (US) Tim Duncan (US) Julius Erving (US) Magic Johnson* (US) Michael Jordan* (US) Bill Russell* (US) Oscar Robertson (US) Pat Summitt (US) John Wooden (US)

Baseball

Hank Aaron (US) Barry Bonds* (US) Roger Clemens (US) Ty Cobb (US) Joe DiMaggio (US) Lou Gehrig (US) Mickey Mantle (US) Willie Mays (US) Sadaharu Oh Cal Ripken, Jr. (US) Babe Ruth* (US) Jackie Robinson (US) Sammy Sosa Cy Young* (US)

Bicycle

Jacques Anquetil Lance Armstrong Gino Bartali Fausto Coppi Bernard Hinault Miguel Indurain Eddy Merckx*

Boxing

Muhammad Ali* (US) Henry Armstrong (US) Jack Dempsey (US) Rocky Marciano (US) Joe Louis (US) Ingemar Johansson Sugar Ray Robinson (US) Sugar Ray Leonard (US)

Chess

Bobby Fischer* (US) Garry Kasparov*

Cricket

Don Bradman W.G. Grace Sachin Tendulkar* Clyde Walcott

Equestrian

Eddie Arcaro Steve Cauthen (US) Reiner Klimke Bill Shoemaker (US)

Golf

Ben Hogan (US) Bobby Jones (US) Jack Nicklaus (US) Arnold Palmer (US) Patty Sheehan (US) Sam Snead (US) Annika Sörenstam Lee Trevino (US)

Icehockey

Bob Bourne (US) Wayne Gretzky* Gordie Howe Bobby Hull Mario Lemieux Bobby Orr Maurice Richard

Figureskating

Robin Cousins Scott Hamilton (US) Sonja Henie Michelle Kwan (US) Tara Lipinski (US) Axel Paulsen Irina Rodnina

Motorsports

Mario Andretti Juan Manuel Fangio Alain Prost Michael Schumacher* Ayrton Senna Jackie Stewart

Sailing

Ben Ainslie Paul Elvstrøm

Skiing

Jean-Claude Killy Hermann Maier Annemarie Moser-Pröll Ingemar Stenmark Lindsey Vonn (US)

Soccer

Franz Beckenbauer David Beckham* Iker Casillas Bobby Charlton* Johan Cruyff* Eusébio Sir Alex Ferguson Mia Hamm Michael Laudrup Diego Maradona* Stanley Matthews Lionel Messi* Bobby Moore Gerd Müller* Ferenc Puskas* Ronaldinho Ronaldo* Pelé* Marco van Basten Peter Schmeichel Lev Yashin Zinedine Zidane*

Speedskating

Bonnie Blair Johann Olav Koss

Swimming

Jim Thorpe* Mark Spitz* Michael Phelps* (US) Greg Louganis (US)

Table tennis

Jan-Ove Waldner

Team handball

Ivano Balić Anja Andersen

Tennis

Andre Agassi* (US) Arthur Ashe* (US) Don Budge (US) Chris Evert (US) Roger Federer* Althea Gibson (US) Steffi Graf* Billie Jean King (US) Rod Laver John McEnroe (US) Rafael Nadal Pete Sampras* (US) Bill Tilden (US) Martina Navratilova*

Volleyball

Karch Kiraly (US)

Sepp Blatter Pierre de Coubertin Juan Antonio Samaranch

Achilles Aeneas Agamemnon Andromeda Argonauts King Arthur Atlas (mythology) Beowulf Cassiopeia Castor and Pollux Cyclops Cerberus Grendel Hansel and Gretel Heracles Jason Echo and Narcissus Electra Europa Ganymede Medea Medusa Odysseus Oedipus Orion Perseus Peter Pan Sphinx Sirens

Asterix Batman Big Bird Bugs Bunny Donald Duck Godzilla Kermit the Frog Lucky Luke Mario Mickey Mouse Rugrats Homer Simpson Snow White Sonic the Hedgehog Spider-Man Superman Tintin Winnie-the-Pooh Wonder Woman Woody Woodpecker Baba Yaga Don Juan Easter Bunny Santa Claus Tooth fairy Aladdin Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four) James Bond (literary character) The Cat in the Hat Holden Caulfield Count Dracula C. Auguste Dupin Mother Goose Sherlock Holmes Philip Marlowe Ossian Hercule Poirot Quasimodo Ebenezer Scrooge Tarzan The Three Musketeers Jean Valjean Astro Boy (character) Daffy Duck Pokémon Conan the Barbarian Hulk (comics) Peanuts Superhero Uncle Sam