Osteomalasia

Osteomalasia
Enghraifft o'r canlynol	dosbarth o glefyd
Math	clefyd adlunio asgwrn, clefyd

Osteomalasia yw meddaliad yr esgyrn sy'n cael ei achosi gan wanychiad metaboledd yr esgyrn yn bennaf o ganlyniad i lefelau annigonol o ffosffad, calsiwm a fitamin D, neu oherwydd atsugniad calsiwm. Mae gwanychiad metaboledd esgyrn yn achosi mwneiddiad esgyrn annigonol. Mae osteomalasia mewn plant yn cael ei adnabod fel y llechau, ac oherwydd hynny, mae'r defnydd o'r term "osteomalasia" yn aml yn cael ei gyfyngu i'r clefyd ar ffurf mwy ysgafn mewn oedolion. Mae arwyddion a symptomau yn gallu cynnwys poenau trwy'r corff, gwanhau'r cyhyrau, ac esgyrn bregus. Yn ogystal â lefelau systemig isel o ïonau mwnol sy'n angenrheidiol i fwneiddiad esgyrn a danned, mae protinau a pheptidau sy'n atal mwneiddiad (megis osteopontin a pheptidau ASARM) yn ymgasglu yng nghroth allgellog yr esgyrn a dannedd, gan fod yn debygol o gyfrannu at achosi hypofwneiddiad y croth (osteomalasia).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Mae preswylwyr cartrefi henoed a'r henoed sy'n gaeth i'w catrefi yn arbennig o agored i'r perygl o ddioddef diffyg fitamin D, gan nad ydynt yn gweld llawer o olau haul. Yn ogystal, mae effeithlonrwydd synthesis fitamin D yn y croen ac amsugniad fitamin D yn y coluddyn yn gostwng gydag oedran, gan gynyddu'r risg ymhellach i'r garfan hon o'r boblogaeth. Mae grwpiau eraill sy'n wynebu risg yn cynnwys unigolion sy'n dioddef o gamamsugniad yn dilyn triniaeth dargyfeirio gastrogoluddol neu clwy'r ceudod, ac unigolion sy'n ymfudo o hinsawdd boeth i hinsawdd oer, yn arbennig menywod sy'n gwisgo feliau neu wisgoedd sy'n atal yr haul.^[6]

Ataliad

Gellir atal osteomalasia trwy dderbyn digon o fitamin D a calsiwm.

Gweler hefyd

Osteopetrosis

Cyfeiriadau

↑ Salmon, B; Bardet, C; Coyac, BR; Baroukh, B; Naji, J; Rowe, PS; Opsahl Vital, S; Linglart, A et al. (August 2014). "Abnormal osteopontin and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein localization, and odontoblast differentiation, in X-linked hypophosphatemic teeth.". Connective tissue research 55 Suppl 1: 79–82. doi:10.3109/03008207.2014.923864. PMID 25158186.
↑ Boukpessi, T; Hoac, B; Coyac, BR; Leger, T; Garcia, C; Wicart, P; Whyte, MP; Glorieux, FH et al. (21 November 2016). "Osteopontin and the dento-osseous pathobiology of X-linked hypophosphatemia.". Bone 95: 151–161. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.019. PMID 27884786.
↑ Barros, NM; Hoac, B; Neves, RL; Addison, WN; Assis, DM; Murshed, M; Carmona, AK; McKee, MD (March 2013). "Proteolytic processing of osteopontin by PHEX and accumulation of osteopontin fragments in Hyp mouse bone, the murine model of X-linked hypophosphatemia.". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 28 (3): 688–99. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1766. PMID 22991293.
↑ McKee, MD; Hoac, B; Addison, WN; Barros, NM; Millán, JL; Chaussain, C (October 2013). "Extracellular matrix mineralization in periodontal tissues: Noncollagenous matrix proteins, enzymes, and relationship to hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia.". Periodontology 2000 63 (1): 102–22. doi:10.1111/prd.12029. PMC 3766584. PMID 23931057. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3766584.
↑ Boukpessi, T; Gaucher, C; Léger, T; Salmon, B; Le Faouder, J; Willig, C; Rowe, PS; Garabédian, M et al. (August 2010). "Abnormal presence of the matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein-derived acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif peptide in human hypophosphatemic dentin.". The American Journal of Pathology 177 (2): 803–12. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.091231. PMC 2913338. PMID 20581062. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2913338.
↑ Kennel, KA; Drake, MT; Hurley, DL (August 2010). "Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat.". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 85 (8): 752-7; quiz 757-8. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0138. PMC 2912737. PMID 20675513. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2912737.

[1] Salmon, B; Bardet, C; Coyac, BR; Baroukh, B; Naji, J; Rowe, PS; Opsahl Vital, S; Linglart, A et al. (August 2014). "Abnormal osteopontin and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein localization, and odontoblast differentiation, in X-linked hypophosphatemic teeth.". Connective tissue research 55 Suppl 1: 79–82. doi:10.3109/03008207.2014.923864. PMID 25158186.

[2] Boukpessi, T; Hoac, B; Coyac, BR; Leger, T; Garcia, C; Wicart, P; Whyte, MP; Glorieux, FH et al. (21 November 2016). "Osteopontin and the dento-osseous pathobiology of X-linked hypophosphatemia.". Bone 95: 151–161. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.019. PMID 27884786.

[3] Barros, NM; Hoac, B; Neves, RL; Addison, WN; Assis, DM; Murshed, M; Carmona, AK; McKee, MD (March 2013). "Proteolytic processing of osteopontin by PHEX and accumulation of osteopontin fragments in Hyp mouse bone, the murine model of X-linked hypophosphatemia.". Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 28 (3): 688–99. doi:10.1002/jbmr.1766. PMID 22991293.

[4] McKee, MD; Hoac, B; Addison, WN; Barros, NM; Millán, JL; Chaussain, C (October 2013). "Extracellular matrix mineralization in periodontal tissues: Noncollagenous matrix proteins, enzymes, and relationship to hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia.". Periodontology 2000 63 (1): 102–22. doi:10.1111/prd.12029. PMC 3766584. PMID 23931057. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3766584.

[5] Boukpessi, T; Gaucher, C; Léger, T; Salmon, B; Le Faouder, J; Willig, C; Rowe, PS; Garabédian, M et al. (August 2010). "Abnormal presence of the matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein-derived acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif peptide in human hypophosphatemic dentin.". The American Journal of Pathology 177 (2): 803–12. doi:10.2353/ajpath.2010.091231. PMC 2913338. PMID 20581062. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2913338.

[6] Kennel, KA; Drake, MT; Hurley, DL (August 2010). "Vitamin D deficiency in adults: when to test and how to treat.". Mayo Clinic Proceedings 85 (8): 752-7; quiz 757-8. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0138. PMC 2912737. PMID 20675513. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2912737.

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