Generate data insights in BigQuery

Data insights offers an automated way to explore and understand your data. With data insights, Gemini uses metadata to generate natural language questions about your table and the queries to answer them. This helps you uncover patterns, assess data quality, and perform statistical analysis.

This document describes the key features of data insights and the process to automate query generation for insightful data exploration.

Before you begin

Data insights are generated using Gemini in BigQuery. To start generating insights, you must first set up Gemini in BigQuery. Gemini might not process your data in the same region in which it's stored. For more information, see Gemini serving locations.

Required roles

To create, manage, and retrieve data insights, ask your administrator to grant you the following IAM roles:

• Dataplex DataScan Editor (roles/dataplex.dataScanEditor) or Dataplex DataScan Administrator (roles/dataplex.dataScanAdmin) on the project where you want to generate insights.

• BigQuery Data Viewer (roles/bigquery.dataViewer) on the BigQuery tables for which you want to generate insights.

• BigQuery Data Editor (roles/bigquery.dataEditor) on the BigQuery tables for which you want to generate insights.

• BigQuery User (roles/bigquery.user) or BigQuery Studio User (roles/bigquery.studioUser) on the project where you want to generate insights.

To get read-only access to the generated insights, ask your administrator to grant you the following IAM role:

• Dataplex DataScan DataViewer (roles/dataplex.dataScanDataViewer) on the project containing the BigQuery tables for which you want to view insights.

For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to service accounts.

You might also be able to get the required permissions through custom roles or other predefined roles. To see the exact permissions that are required generate insights, expand the Required permissions section:

Enable APIs

To use data insights, enable the following APIs in your project:

• Dataplex API
• BigQuery API
• Gemini for Google Cloud API

For more information about enabling the Gemini for Google Cloud API, see Enable the Gemini for Google Cloud API in a Google Cloud project.

About data insights

When exploring a new, unfamiliar table, data analysts often face the cold-start problem. The problem often involves uncertainties about the data structure, key patterns, and relevant insights in the data, making it hard to get started writing queries.

Data insights addresses the cold-start problem by automatically generating natural language queries and their SQL equivalents based on a table's metadata. Rather than starting with an empty query editor, you can quickly start data exploration with meaningful queries that offer valuable insights. To investigate further, you can ask follow-up questions in data canvas.

Example of an insights run

Consider a table called telco_churn with the following metadata:

Field name	Type
CustomerID	STRING
Gender	STRING
Tenure	INT64
InternetService	STRING
StreamingTV	STRING
OnlineBackup	STRING
Contract	STRING
TechSupport	STRING
PaymentMethod	STRING
MonthlyCharges	FLOAT
Churn	BOOLEAN

The following are some of the sample queries that data insights generates for this table:

• Identify customers who have subscribed to all premium services and have been a customer for more than 50 months.

  SELECT
    CustomerID,
    Contract,
    Tenure
  FROM
    agentville_datasets.telco_churn
  WHERE
    
    AND TechSupport = 'Yes'
    AND StreamingTV = 'Yes'
    AND Tenure > 50;
  

• Identify which internet service has the most churned customers.

  SELECT
    InternetService,
    COUNT(DISTINCT CustomerID) AS total_customers
  FROM
    agentville_datasets.telco_churn
  WHERE
    Churn = TRUE
  GROUP BY
    InternetService
  ORDER BY
    total_customers DESC
  LIMIT 1;
  

• Identify churn rates by segment among high-value customers.

  SELECT
    Contract,
    InternetService,
    Gender,
    PaymentMethod,
    COUNT(DISTINCT CustomerID) AS total_customers,
    SUM(CASE WHEN Churn = TRUE THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS churned_customers,
    (SUM(CASE WHEN Churn = TRUE THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) / COUNT(DISTINCT CustomerID))
    * 100 AS churn_rate
  FROM
    agentville_datasets.telco_churn
  WHERE
    MonthlyCharges > 100
  GROUP BY
    Contract,
    InternetService,
    Gender,
    PaymentMethod;
  

Best practices

To improve the accuracy of your generated insights, follow these best practices:

Ground insights to data profiling results

In generative AI, grounding is the ability to connect model output to verifiable sources of information. You can ground the generated insights to data profiling results. Data profiling analyzes the columns in your BigQuery tables and identifies common statistical characteristics, such as typical data values and data distribution. When you create a data profiling scan for a table, you can choose to publish the scan results to BigQuery and Dataplex Catalog. BigQuery uses data profiling results to create more accurate, relevant queries by doing the following:

1. Analyzes the data profiling results to identify interesting patterns, trends, or outliers in the data.
2. Generates queries that focus on these patterns, trends, or outliers to uncover insights.
3. Validates the generated queries against the data profiling results to ensure that the queries return meaningful results.

Without data profiling scans, the queries that Gemini generates are more likely to include inaccurate clauses or produce meaningless results.

Ensure that the data profiling scan for your table is up-to-date and that the results are published to BigQuery.

You can adjust your data profiling settings to increase the sampling size and filter out rows and columns. After you run a new data profiling scan, regenerate insights.

Add a table description

Detailed table descriptions that describe what you want to analyze in your table can help Gemini in BigQuery to produce more relevant insights. After you add a table description, regenerate insights.

For example, you might add the following description to the telco_churn table: "This table tracks customer churn data, including subscription details, tenure, and service usage, to predict customer churn behavior."

Add column descriptions

Column descriptions that explain what each column is, or how one column relates to another, can improve the quality of your insights. After you update the column descriptions in your table, regenerate insights.

For example, you might add the following descriptions to specific columns of the telco_churn table:

• Tenure: "The number of months the customer has been with the service."
• Churn: "Whether the customer has stopped using the service. TRUE indicates the customer no longer uses the service, FALSE indicates the customer is active."

Generate insights for a BigQuery table

To generate insights for a BigQuery table, you must access the table entry in BigQuery using BigQuery Studio.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to BigQuery Studio.

   Go to BigQuery Studio

2. In the Explorer pane, select the table you want to generate insights for.

3. Click the Insights tab. If the tab is empty, it means that the insights for this table are not generated yet.

4. To trigger the insights pipeline, click Generate insights.

   It takes a few minutes for the insights to be populated.

   If published data profiling results for the table are available, they're used to generate insights. Otherwise, insights are generated based on the column names and descriptions.

5. In the Insights tab, explore the generated natural language questions.

6. To view the SQL query that answers a question, click the question.

7. To open a query in BigQuery, click Copy to Query.

8. To ask follow-up questions, do the following:

   1. Click Ask a follow-up. The query opens in a new data canvas.

   2. Click Run, then click Query these results.

   3. To ask a follow-up question, enter a prompt in the Natural language prompt field or edit the SQL in the query editor.

9. To generate a new set of queries, click Generate insights and trigger the pipeline again.

After you have generated insights for a table, anyone with the dataplex.datascans.getData permission and access to the table can view those insights.

Generate insights for a BigQuery external table

BigQuery data insights supports generating insights for BigQuery external tables with data in Cloud Storage. You and the Dataplex service account for the current project must have the Storage Object Viewer (roles/storage.objectViewer) role on the Cloud Storage bucket that contains the data. For more information, see Add a principal to a bucket-level policy.

To generate insights for a BigQuery external table, follow the instructions described in the Generate insights for a BigQuery table section of this document.

Generate insights for a BigLake table

To generate insights for a BigLake table, follow these steps:

1. Enable the BigQuery Connection API in your project.

   Enable the BigQuery Connection API

2. Create a BigQuery connection. For more information, see Manage connections.

3. Grant the Storage Object Viewer (roles/storage.objectViewer) IAM role to the service account corresponding to the BigQuery connection that you created.

   You can retrieve the service account ID from the connection details.

4. To generate insights, follow the instructions described in the Generate insights for a BigQuery table section of this document.

Pricing

For details about pricing for this feature, see Gemini in BigQuery pricing overview.

Quotas and limits

For information about quotas and limits for this feature, see Quotas for Gemini in BigQuery.

Limitations

• Data insights is available for BigQuery tables, BigLake tables, external tables, and views.
• For multicloud customers, data from other clouds isn't available.
• Data insights doesn't support Geo or JSON column types.
• Insights runs don't guarantee the presentation of queries every time. To increase the likelihood of generating more engaging queries, re-initiate the insights pipeline.
• For tables with column-level access control (ACLs) and restricted user permissions, you can generate insights if you have read access to all columns of the table. To run the generated queries, you must have sufficient permissions.

What's next

• Learn more about Dataplex data profiling.
• Learn how to write queries with Gemini assistance in BigQuery.