a) ideas, concepts, procedures, work methods, mathematical operations, principles or discoveries,
b) official texts in the domain of legislation, administration and judiciary (laws, regulations, decisions, reports, minutes, judgments and alike),
c) political speeches and speeches made at court hearings,
d) daily news or miscellaneous information having the character of mere items of press information,
e) folk literary and artistic creations.
The translations of the texts and speeches referred to in items b) and c) of paragraph (1) of this Article shall be copyrighted, unless they are published as official texts.
