Coral

**coral**
	marine invertebrates of the class Anthozoa
	Upload media
	Wikipedia
Instance of	organisms known by a particular common name (Anthozoa);
Different from	Anthozoa; coral; Marjan, Alborz;
Authority file
	Q171446; GND ID: 4165294-0; Library of Congress authority ID: sh85032540; Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 11977101m; BNCF Thesaurus ID: 34208; NL CR AUT ID: ph1052306; J9U ID: 987007562843705171
	Reasonator; Scholia; Wikidocumentaries; KML file; Search depicted;

<nowiki>coral; kórall; karang; коралл; coral; korel; корали; koral; مرجان; korall; корал; марҷон; koralio; 산호; κοράλλι; koralo; корал; ಹವಳ; मूँगा; প্রবাল; corail; koraal; мерчен; ܟܣܢܐ; කොරල්; korallid; קאראל; 珊瑚; 珊瑚; san hô; 珊瑚; koraļļi; koraal; корал; coralh; koral; coral; 珊瑚; Korallen; san-ô͘; ปะการัง; Anthozoa; korál; korall; 珊瑚; kooraal; coral; مرجان; koural; مرجان; သန္တာ; 珊瑚; кораллдар; koraldyr; 珊瑚; koral; коралл; coral; کاقاانقان; mullu; cwrel; Koralle; карал; կորալ; 珊瑚; Koraal; მარჯანი; サンゴ; corallo; korálla; coiréal; fulukkee; אלמוגים; coral; шүрэн; मूँगा; 珊瑚; koralli; Koralen; Koraol; korall; பவளம்; corallo; marjon; Koroal; koral; карал; مرجان; dăng-hù; мәрйен; koralie; coral; coral; coral; ప్రవాళం; Sân-fù; coral; koralas; korala; sagay; coral; Koralle; kagaangan; matumbawe; corall; koral; koral; коралл; koral; Kraal; coral; سمندري ایرم; 珊瑚; шүр; animal sésil; এক ধরনের সামুদ্রিক প্রাণী; animal invertébré marin de l'embranchement des Cnidaires; invertebraos marinos; koloni invertebrat laut; koloniebildene Nesseltiere; колонија на морски безрбетници; материал скелета колонии коралловых полипов; koraļļpolipu klases bezmugurkaulnieki; морски безгръбначни; colònia d'invertebrats marins; pritrjena kolonija morskih koralnjakov; 刺胞動物門に属する動物のうち、固い骨格を発達させるもの; trieda pŕhlivcov bez medúzového štádia; מחלקה של בעלי חיים חסרי חוליות ימיים המשתייכים למערכת הצורבים; Koloniebildend Nesseldéieren; szkielety węglanowe koralowców; морські безхребетні тварини; zoölogie; invertebrata laut; एक नन्हा समुद्री जीव; ಆಂಥೋಜೋವಾ ವರ್ಗದ ಸಮುದ್ರ ಅಕಶೇರುಕಗಳು; 자포동물문 산호충강에 속하는 군체동물; marine invertebrates of the class Anthozoa; اللافقاريات البحرية من فئة أنثوزوا; označení pro některé mořské žahavce z třídy korálnatců; جانوران ساده دریایی; coral marino; corales; Kórallur; Kórallar; koralak; Fitxer; Coral; Coralls; Coral; Kural; Korallen; каралы; مرجانهای دریایی; مرجانها; مرجان دریایی; 珊瑚虫; koral; Corali; Coral; مرجانی; کورال; مرجاني; المرجان; کورل; koraly; корали; प्रवाल; ప్రవాళాలు; Koráli; Korály; பவழம்; coraux; corails; Korall; Corais; Koralai; Corales; Bulaklak na bato; Bulaklak ng bato; Koral; Korales; Batong bulaklak; Anthozoa; אלמוג; קורל; אלמוגיים; koraal - mineraal; koraller; Coral; හිරිගල්; コーラル; 珊瑚; кораллы; аккабар; корал; corall; Корал; Κοράλλια; мерџан</nowiki>

A coral outcrop on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Anatomy of a stony coral polyp
Montastraea cavernosa polyps with tentacles extended
a male great star coral, Montastraea cavernosa, releasing sperm into the water
Basal plates (calices) of Orbicella annularis
Tabulate coral (a syringoporid); Boone limestone (Lower Carboniferous) near Hiwasse, Arkansas, scale bar is 2.0 cm
Tabulate coral Aulopora from the Devonian period
Solitary rugose coral (Grewingkia) in three views; Ordovician, southeastern Indiana
This dragon-eye zoanthid is a popular source of color in reef tanks
Fungia sp. skeleton
Polyps of Eusmilia fastigiata
Pillar coral, Dendrogyra cylindricus
Brain coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis
Brain coral releasing eggs
Fringing coral reef off the coast of Eilat, Israel
Corals, Tis Beach, Chabahar, Iran
Corals, Tis Beach, Chabahar, Iran
6-strand necklace, Navajo (Native American), ca. 1920s, Brooklyn Museum
Porites lutea
Brain coral spawning

Top-down and bottom-up control of microbiota structure in the coral holobiont
Stable microbes may be introduced to the holobiont through horizontal or vertical transmission and persist in ecological niches within the coral polyp where growth (or immigration) rates balance removal pressures from biophysical processes and immune or ecological interactions. Transient microbes enter the holobiont from environmental sources (e.g., seawater, prey items, or suspension feeding) and removal rates exceed growth/immigration rates such that a dynamic and high-diversity microbiota results. Transient and stable populations compete for resources including nutrients, light and space and the outcome of resource-based competition (bottom-up control) ultimately determines population growth rate and thus ability to persist when subject to removal. Whether a population is categorized as stable or transient may depend on the timeframe considered.^[1]
AMP = antimicrobial peptides, ROS = reactive oxygen species

Trophic connections of the coral holobiont in the planktonic food web ^[2]

↑ Thompson, J.R., Rivera, H.E., Closek, C.J. and Medina, M. (2015) "Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions". Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 4: 176. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
↑ hompson, J.R., Rivera, H.E., Closek, C.J. and Medina, M. (2015) "Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions". Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 4: 176. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176.

[1] Thompson, J.R., Rivera, H.E., Closek, C.J. and Medina, M. (2015) "Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions". Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 4: 176. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176. Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[2] son, J.R., Rivera, H.E., Closek, C.J. and Medina, M. (2015) "Microbes in the coral holobiont: partners through evolution, development, and ecological interactions". Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 4: 176. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00176.

[1]

[2]