Thuja

*Thuja*
	; Thuja occidentalis
Taxonomia
Superregne	Eukaryota
Regne	Plantae
Classe	Pinopsida
Ordre	Pinales
Família	Cupressaceae
Subfamília	Thujoideae
Gènere	Thuja ; L., 1753
Espècies
	Thuja koraiensis; Thuja occidentalis; Thuja plicata; Thuja standishii; Thuja sutchuenensis;

Les tuies (Thuja) són un gènere de coníferes de la família de les cupressàcies. Inclou cinc espècies, dues natives d'Amèrica del Nord i tres natives de l'Àsia oriental.^[14]^[15] Aquest gènere és monofilètic i germà del gènere Thujopsis.

Diverses espècies es coneixen en anglès com a "cedar" que sovint es tradueix com cedre, però no pertanyen al gènere Cedrus.^[16]^[17]

Morfologia

Les tuies són arbres de fulla persistent que fan de 10 a 60 m d'alt i tenen l'escorça marró vermellenca. Els brots són plans i les fulles són en forma d'esquames d'1 a 10 mm de llarg excepte en les plàntules al seu primer any que tenen les fulles aciculars. Les pinyes masculines són petites localitzades a les puntes dels brots. Les pinyes femenines arriben a fer d'1 a 2 cm de llarg, porten d'una a dues llavors petites i alades.^[18]^[19]

L'espècie abans anomenada Thuja orientalis, ara s'ubica dins del seu propi gènere, com Platycladus orientalis. Els gèneres més propers a Thuja són Thujopsis i Tetraclinis.

Ecologia

Els cérvols es mengen les fulles de Thuja i poden arribar a afectar el seu creixement.^[20]

Usos

Es cultiven com arbres ornamentals i per a fer tanques vegetals. La seva fusta és lleugera i aromàtica, resisteix la podridura, té diversos usos com el de fer pals i travesses de ferrocarril. De la fusta de Thuja plicata se'n fan guitarres.^[21]

L'oli de tuia conté el terpè thujona (que rep aquest nom pel gènere Thuja, tot i que moltes altres espècies, com per exemple les del gènere Artemisia també en tenen) antagonista del receptor GABA amb propietats metabòliques de destoxificació.^[22] Els amerindis del Canadà feien una infusió de fulles de Thuja occidentalis amb gran contingut de vitamina C i contra l'escorbut i al segle xix la tintura de Thuja s'utilitzava com ungüent extern contra diferents paràsits humans.^[23]^[24]

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Thuja

↑ Aljos Farjon; Denis Filer An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status. BRILL, 11 novembre 2013, p. 267–. ISBN 978-90-04-21181-0.
↑ Frances Dwight McNair. A Study of the Seedling of Thuja Occidentalis. Northwestern University, 1918.
↑ Khan LM; L. M. Khan Minimum Syndrom of Maximum Value Thuja Occidentalis. B. Jain Publishers, 30 juny 2003, p. 7–. ISBN 978-81-8056-366-9.
↑ United States. Forest Service. Bulletin. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1911, p. 9–.
↑ Arthur Bernard Anderson; Earl Charles Sherrard Dehydroperillic Acid, an Acid from Western Red Cedar (Thuja Plicata Don). University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1933.
↑ George Bishop Sudworth. Check List of the Forest Trees of the United States: Their Names and Ranges. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1927, p. 290–.
↑ Robert B. Freydl. Toxic Values of Certain Extractives of Thuja Plicata to Four Destructive Fungi: A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment ... for the Degree of Master of Science. University of Michigan, 1963.
↑ F.A. Andersson. Coniferous Forests. Elsevier, 29 desembre 2005, p. 183–. ISBN 978-0-444-81627-6.
↑ United States Centennial Commission. International Exhibition, 1876. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1884, p. 318–.
↑ P. den Ouden; B.K. Boom Manual of Cultivated Conifers: Hardy in the Cold- and Warm-Temperature Zone. Springer Science & Business Media, 6 desembre 2012, p. 442–. ISBN 978-94-009-9759-2.
↑ F.J. Bigras; Stephen J. Colombo Conifer Cold Hardiness. Springer Science & Business Media, 14 març 2013, p. 583–. ISBN 978-94-015-9650-3.
↑ Cheng DU; Jin-shuang MA Chinese Plants Names Index 2000-2009. EDP sciences, 2021-01-18T00:00:00+01:00, p. 454–. ISBN 978-2-7598-2502-8.
↑ De-Yuan Hong; Stephen Blackmore Plants of China: A Companion to the Flora of China. Cambridge University Press, 23 abril 2015, p. 471–. ISBN 978-1-316-19515-4.
↑ Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4
↑ Gymnosperm Database: Thuja
↑ Jeffrey G. Meyer. The Tree Book: A Practical Guide to Selecting and Maintaining the Best Trees for Your Yard and Garden. Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. 186–. ISBN 978-0-7432-4974-4.
↑ Kelsey, H. P., & Dayton, W. A. (1942). Standardized Plant Names, second edition. American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature. Horace McFarland Company, Harrisburg, Pa.
↑ Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Flora of North America north of Mexico, v. 2. Nova York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508242-7 Page 410.
↑ Henry A Gleason. New Britton and Brown Illustrated flora of Eastern North America and adjacent Canada Vol 1, The Pteridophya, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. Hafner Press, pp 58-67.
↑ Stein, W.I. 1997. Ten-year survival and growth of planted Douglas-fir and western redcedar after seven site-preparation treatments. Western-Journal-of-Applied-Forestry 12(3): 74-80.
↑ Bucur, Voichita. 1995. Acoustics of wood. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
↑ Höld KM, Sirisoma NS, Ikeda T, Narahashi T, Casida JE «Alpha-thujone (the active component of absinthe): gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97, 8, 2000, pàg. 3826-31. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.070042397. PMC: 18101. PMID: 10725394.
↑ David Hoffmann, Medical Herbalism: Principles and Practices, Healing Arts Press, 2003, p.588
↑ M Grieve, A Modern Herbal, London: Jonathan Cape, 1931, p.177

[FarjonFiler2013-1] Aljos Farjon; Denis Filer An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status. BRILL, 11 novembre 2013, p. 267–. ISBN 978-90-04-21181-0.

[McNair1918-2] Frances Dwight McNair. A Study of the Seedling of Thuja Occidentalis. Northwestern University, 1918.

[LMKhan2003-3] Khan LM; L. M. Khan Minimum Syndrom of Maximum Value Thuja Occidentalis. B. Jain Publishers, 30 juny 2003, p. 7–. ISBN 978-81-8056-366-9.

[Service1911-4] United States. Forest Service. Bulletin. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1911, p. 9–.

[AndersonSherrard1933-5] Arthur Bernard Anderson; Earl Charles Sherrard Dehydroperillic Acid, an Acid from Western Red Cedar (Thuja Plicata Don). University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1933.

[Sudworth1927-6] George Bishop Sudworth. Check List of the Forest Trees of the United States: Their Names and Ranges. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1927, p. 290–.

[Freydl1963-7] Robert B. Freydl. Toxic Values of Certain Extractives of Thuja Plicata to Four Destructive Fungi: A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment ... for the Degree of Master of Science. University of Michigan, 1963.

[Andersson2005-8] F.A. Andersson. Coniferous Forests. Elsevier, 29 desembre 2005, p. 183–. ISBN 978-0-444-81627-6.

[Commission1884-9] United States Centennial Commission. International Exhibition, 1876. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1884, p. 318–.

[OudenBoom2012-10] P. den Ouden; B.K. Boom Manual of Cultivated Conifers: Hardy in the Cold- and Warm-Temperature Zone. Springer Science & Business Media, 6 desembre 2012, p. 442–. ISBN 978-94-009-9759-2.

[BigrasColombo2013-11] F.J. Bigras; Stephen J. Colombo Conifer Cold Hardiness. Springer Science & Business Media, 14 març 2013, p. 583–. ISBN 978-94-015-9650-3.

[DUMA2021-12] Cheng DU; Jin-shuang MA Chinese Plants Names Index 2000-2009. EDP sciences, 2021-01-18T00:00:00+01:00, p. 454–. ISBN 978-2-7598-2502-8.

[HongBlackmore2015-13] De-Yuan Hong; Stephen Blackmore Plants of China: A Companion to the Flora of China. Cambridge University Press, 23 abril 2015, p. 471–. ISBN 978-1-316-19515-4.

[farjon-14] Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4

[gd-15] Gymnosperm Database: Thuja

[Meyer2004-16] Jeffrey G. Meyer. The Tree Book: A Practical Guide to Selecting and Maintaining the Best Trees for Your Yard and Garden. Simon and Schuster, 2004, p. 186–. ISBN 978-0-7432-4974-4.

[kelsey-17] Kelsey, H. P., & Dayton, W. A. (1942). Standardized Plant Names, second edition. American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature. Horace McFarland Company, Harrisburg, Pa.

[18] Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Pteridophytes and gymnosperms. Flora of North America north of Mexico, v. 2. Nova York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508242-7 Page 410.

[19] Henry A Gleason. New Britton and Brown Illustrated flora of Eastern North America and adjacent Canada Vol 1, The Pteridophya, Gymnospermae and Monocotyledoneae. Hafner Press, pp 58-67.

[20] Stein, W.I. 1997. Ten-year survival and growth of planted Douglas-fir and western redcedar after seven site-preparation treatments. Western-Journal-of-Applied-Forestry 12(3): 74-80.

[21] Bucur, Voichita. 1995. Acoustics of wood. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

[pmid10725394-22] Höld KM, Sirisoma NS, Ikeda T, Narahashi T, Casida JE «Alpha-thujone (the active component of absinthe): gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97, 8, 2000, pàg. 3826-31. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.070042397. PMC: 18101. PMID: 10725394.

[23] David Hoffmann, Medical Herbalism: Principles and Practices, Healing Arts Press, 2003, p.588

[24] M Grieve, A Modern Herbal, London: Jonathan Cape, 1931, p.177

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