Summary of Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, version 28.5

Tier 2 Curated Database

Database Authors: Ron Caspi¹, Alex Shearer¹, Peter D Karp¹

¹SRI International

Summary:
Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
NCBI Taxonomy ID: 1140
Rank: strain
Lineage:
cellular organisms
Bacteria <bacteria>
Terrabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota
Cyanophyceae
Synechococcales
Synechococcaceae
Synechococcus
Synechococcus elongatus'>Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is a model freshwater cyanobacterium. It is an obligate photoautotroph, with a genome of approximately 2.7 Mb. It contains two endogenous plasmids, pANL and pANS ["Identification of replication and stability functions in the complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid pUH24 from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942." Mol Microbiol 6(5);653-64. PMID: 1552863'>Van92, "High-throughput functional analysis of the Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 genome." DNA Res 12(2);103-15. PMID: 16303742'>Holtman05, "The complete sequence and functional analysis of pANL, the large plasmid of the unicellular freshwater cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942." Plasmid 59(3);176-92. PMID: 18353436'>Chen08b], and produces Protein: β-carboxysome
ID: CPLX490-3647
Genes: ccmK2, ccmK3, ccmK4, ccmO, ccmP, ccmL'>β-carboxysomes.

The cyanobacterium was originally isolated by students of an algology course taught by Kenneth W. Floyd at California State University, San Francisco ["The international journeys and aliases of Synechococcus elongatus." N Z J Bot 57(2);70-75. PMID: 31551610'>Golden19]. A sample containing the isolated strain was given to Sergey V. Shestakov of Moscow State University, who was studying transformation in cyanobacteria ["Evidence for genetic transformation in blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans." Mol Gen Genet 107(4);372-5. PMID: 4999302'>Shestakov70] in 1973. Galina Grigorieva, a student in the Shestakov lab, published the first paper about the organism, which she named Anacystis nidulans R2 ["Application of genetic transformation method for taxonomic analysis of unicellular blue-green algae." In: Codd G.A. and Steward W.D.P.. eds. Proceedings 2nd International Symposium Photosyntetic Prokaryotes. Dundee: University of Dundee, Scotland.'>Grigorieva76].

The organism was deposited with the Pasteur Culture Collection (PCC) in 1979, and as it was the 42nd accession of 1979, it received the PCC 7942 suffix. In 1980 it became the first cyanobacterial strain to be reliably transformed by exogenously added DNA, laying the foundation for recombinant DNA-based molecular genetics research in cyanobacteria ["Introduction of transposon Tn901 into a plasmid of Anacystis nidulans: preparation for cloning in cyanobacteria." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77(3);1570-4. PMID: 6246495'>vandenHondel80].

The second edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, published in 2001, introduced the Synechococcus
NCBI Taxonomy ID: 1129
Rank: genus
Lineage:
cellular organisms
Bacteria <bacteria>
Terrabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota
Cyanophyceae
Synechococcales
Synechococcaceae'>Synechococcus clade and proposed the species Synechococcus elongatus
NCBI Taxonomy ID: 32046
Rank: species
Lineage:
cellular organisms
Bacteria <bacteria>
Terrabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota
Cyanophyceae
Synechococcales
Synechococcaceae
Synechococcus'>Synechococcus elongatus, resulting in changing the organism's name to Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
NCBI Taxonomy ID: 1140
Rank: strain
Lineage:
cellular organisms
Bacteria <bacteria>
Terrabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota
Cyanophyceae
Synechococcales
Synechococcaceae
Synechococcus
Synechococcus elongatus'>Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942.

Much of the research conducted with Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
NCBI Taxonomy ID: 1140
Rank: strain
Lineage:
cellular organisms
Bacteria <bacteria>
Terrabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria group
Cyanobacteriota
Cyanophyceae
Synechococcales
Synechococcaceae
Synechococcus
Synechococcus elongatus'>Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 has focused on photosynthesis, circadian clock systems ["Circadian Rhythms in Cyanobacteria." Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 79(4);373-85. PMID: 26335718'>Cohen15], and nitrogen metabolism. More recently the organism has been used for metabolic engineering ["Global metabolic rewiring for improved CO₂ fixation and chemical production in cyanobacteria." Nat Commun 8;14724. PMID: 28287087'>Kanno17, "Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942: a cyanobacterium cell factory for producing useful chemicals and fuels under abiotic stress conditions." Photosynth Res 146(1-3);235-245. PMID: 32301003'>Vayenos20]

We have refined this PGDB by manual curation of data from over 600 research papers, integrating knowledge contributed by many researchers from different fields. Information curated includes metabolic enzymes and pathways as well as several signal-transduction pathways.

Synonyms: Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, Anacystis nidulans R2

Unification Links: BIOSAMPLE:SAMN14228838, GOLD:0060677, NCBI BioProject:PRJNA224116, NCBI-Taxonomy:1140

Organism or Sample Properties
Environment:	freshwater
Geographic Location:	San Francisco, California, USA
Collection Date:	1973
Relationship to Oxygen:	obligate-aerobe
Trophic Level:	photoautotroph
Temperature Range:	mesophile
Biotic Relationship:	free-living
Annotation Provider:	NCBI RefSeq
Annotation Pipeline:	NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP)
Annotation Pipeline Version:	5.3
Annotation Comment:	Best-placed reference protein set; GeneMarkS-2+

Replicon	Total Genes	Protein Genes	RNA Genes	Pseudogenes	Size (bp)	NCBI Link

chromosome	2,709	2,612	97	0	2,695,903	NCBI-RefSeq:CP000100
plasmid pANL	55	55	0	0	46,366	NCBI-RefSeq:CP000101
plasmid pANS	8	8	0	0	7,835	NCBI-RefSeq:NC_004990.1

Total:	2,772	2,675	97	0	2,750,104

Ortholog data available?	Yes

Genes:	2,772
Pathways:	241
Enzymatic Reactions:	1,146
Transport Reactions:	54
Polypeptides:	2,680
Protein Complexes:	186
Enzymes:	705
Transporters:	133
Compounds:	906
Transcription Units:	1,981
tRNAs:	88
Growth Media:	2
Transcriptional Regulation:	54
Protein Features:	3,246
GO Terms:	21,966
Gene Essentiality Datasets:	1