Kasuari

Kasuari
Periode 5–0 Ma

PreЄ

Є

O

S

D

C

P

T

J

K

Pg

N

↓

Awal Pliocene – Mangkin
Kasuari ; Periode 5–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Awal Pliocene – Mangkin
Casuarius
	; Kasuari Kelod
Data (id)
Cara bergerak (id)	bipedalisme (id)
Taksonomi
Klad	Amniota
Klad	Sauropsida
kelas	Reptilia
Klad	Eureptilia
Klad	Romeriida
Klad	Diapsida
Klad	Neodiapsida
Klad	Sauria
Klad	Archelosauria
Klad	Archosauromorpha
Klad	Archosauriformes
Klad	Eucrocopoda
Klad	Crurotarsi
Klad	Archosauria
Klad	Avemetatarsalia
Klad	Ornithodira
Klad	Dinosauromorpha
Klad	Dinosauriformes
Klad	Dracohors
superordo	Dinosauria
ordo	Saurischia
Klad	Eusaurischia
upaordo	Theropoda
Klad	Neotheropoda
Klad	Averostra
infraordo	Tetanurae
Klad	Orionides
Klad	Avetheropoda
klad	Coelurosauria
Klad	Tyrannoraptora
Klad	Maniraptoromorpha
klad	Neocoelurosauria
klad	Maniraptoriformes
klad	Maniraptora
Klad	Pennaraptora
Klad	Paraves
Klad	Avialae
Klad	Euavialae
Klad	Avebrevicauda
Klad	Pygostylia
Klad	Ornithothoraces
Klad	Euornithes
Klad	Ornithuromorpha
Klad	Ornithurae
kelas	Aves
infrakelas	Palaeognathae
Klad	Notopalaeognathae
Klad	Novaeratitae
ordo	Casuariiformes
kaluwarga	Casuariidae
Génus	Casuarius ; Brisson , 1760
Tata aran
Sinonim takson (id)	Casoarius Bont.; Cela Oken 1816; Cela Moehr 1752 nomen rejectum; Rhea Lacépède 1800 non Latham 1790; Chelarga Billberg 1828; Oxyporus Brookes 1828; Thrasys Billberg 1828; Cassowara Perry 1811; Hippalectryo Gloger 1842;
Spésiés
	Casuarius casuarius; Southern cassowary; Casuarius unappendiculatus; Northern cassowary; Casuarius bennetti; Dwarf cassowary; †Casuarius lydekkeri; Pygmy cassowary
	c; p; u;

Genus Kasuari, punika sinunggil ratite (paksi sané nénten prasida mekeber nénten medué lunas ring tulang sternum nyané, paksi niki keasal saking wana tropis ring Papua (Papua Nugini miwah Indonésia), Nusa Tenggara Timur, Kapuloan Maluku, miwah kalér kangin Ostrali.^[3]

Taksonomi, sistematika, lan évolusi

Génus Casuarius kaadegang olih ilmuwan Prancis Mathurin Jacques Brisson ring buku Ornithologie sané kawedar warsa 1760.^[4] Spésiés tipe inggih punika kasuari kelod (Casuarius casuarius).^[5] Naturalis Swédia Carl Linnaeus sampun ngenalang génus Casuarius ring édisi kaenem bukunyané Systema Naturae kawedar warsa 1748,^[6] nanging Linnaeus ngutang génus punika ring édisi kaping dasa sané mabuat warsa 1758 lan magenahang kasuari kelod sareng kedis unta katah lan rhea ageng ring génus Struthio.^[7]^[8] Santukan tanggal padewaran édisi kaping nem Linnaeus inggih punika sadurung titik pamahbah warsa 1758 Komisi Internasional Nomenklatur Zoologi, Brisson, miwah nénten Linnaeus, kasengguh otoritas ring génus punika.^[9]

Kasuarius (saking kasuari^[10] cognate saking makudang-kudang basa mapaiketan sané kabaosang ring sawewengkon Maluku lan Papua.^[11]) inggih punika pahan saking sekaa ratite, sané taler ngranjing ému, rhea, kedis unta, lan kiwi, taler sané sampun punah moa miwah kedis gajah. Spésiés puniki kauningin:

Genus **Casuarius** – Brisson, 1760 – Four spésiés
Aran umum	Aran ilmiah miwah subspésiés	Jangkauan	IUCN status miwah estimasi populasi\| style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \|
Kasuari kelod utawi kasuari geber ganda			Casuarius casuarius \| style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \| (	Linnaeus, 1758\| style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \| )	Sisi kelod Papua, kalér kangin Australia, lan Kapuloan Aru, kautama ring dataran éndép^[12]^:{{{3}}}\| style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \|		Size: Habitat: Diet:	style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \| LC
Kasuari kalér utawi kasuari geber tunggal			Casuarius unappendiculatus Blyth, 1860	Papua sisi kalér lan kauh, saha Yapén, kautama ring dataran éndép^[12]^:{{{3}}}^[13]\| style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \|	Size: Habitat: Diet:	style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \| LC
Kasuari katék utawi Kasuari Bennet			Casuarius bennetti Gould, 1857	Papua, Britania Anyar, lan Yapén, kautama dataran tegeh^[12]^:{{{3}}}\| style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \|	Size: Habitat: Diet:	style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \| LC
† Kasuari alit	Casuarius lydekkeri Rothschild, 1911	Fosil Pleistosén kacunduk ring New South Wales^[14] miwah Papua Nugini^[15]	Size: Habitat: Diet:	style="padding:0; background-color: #D8E9FC; line-height:0.95em; font-weight:bold;" valign="top" width="20" \| EX

Akéhan otoritas ngamanahang klasifikasi taksonomi ring ajeng pinaka monotipik, sakéwanten makudang-kudang subspésiés saking soang-soang sampun katlatarang,^[16] miwah makudang-kudang saking ipun taler sampun kausulang pinaka spesies sané mapasahang, minakadi,C. (b) papuanus.^[13]^:{{{3}}} Nama taksonomi C. (b) papuanus taler minab perlu kaanyarin antuk Casuarius (bennetti) westermanni.^[17] Validasi subspésiés puniki sampun mabukti méweh santukan variasi individu, variasi sané mapaiketan sareng yusa, kelangkaan spésimén, stabilitas spésimén (kulit sané galang ring sirah lan baonh—dasar antuk nlatarang makudang-kudang subspésiés— pudar ring spésimén), miwah praktik paadolan kasuari idup salami panyiuan warsa, makudang-kudang saking punika minab sampun luput utawi sampun nyelapang kasobyahang ring wewidangan sané doh saking asalnyané.^[13]^:{{{3}}}

Babad évolusi kasuari, sekadi makasami ratite, nénten kauningin. Bukti génetik nyihnayang indik manyama sané pinih nampek inggih punika ému, miwah kasuari katék mapaiketan sareng kasuari kalér bandingang sareng kasuari kelod.^[18] Spésiés fosil kalaporang saking Australia, sakéwanten santukan biogéograpi, sesana puniki nénten pastika, miwah minab ngranjing ring prababad Emuarius, sané marupa génus primitif sekadi kasuari émus.

Pustaka

↑ "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of group names. 2007. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2016-10-05. Kaaksés 2016-05-04.
↑ Melville, R. V.; Smith, J. D. D., eds. (1987). Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology. ICZN. p. 17.
↑ Clements, J. (2007)
↑ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (ring Prancis miwah Latin). 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 46, Vol. 5: p. 10, Plate 1 fig 2.
↑ Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. 1 (édisi ka-2nd). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 7.
↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1748). Systema Naturae sistens regna tria naturæ, in classes et ordines, genera et species redacta tabulisque aeneis illustrata (ring Latin) (édisi ka-6th). Stockholmiae (Stockholm): Godofr, Kiesewetteri. pp. 16, 27.
↑ Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (ring Latin). 1 (édisi ka-10th). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 155.
↑ Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
↑ "Article 3". International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (édisi ka-4th). London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. ISBN 978-0-85301-006-7.
↑ Mal:Cite OED
↑ Mahdi, Waruno (2007). Malay Words and Malay Things: Lexical Souvenirs from an Exotic Archipelago in German Publications Before 1700. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 192–3. ISBN 978-3-447-05492-8. Cognates occur in [...] Alune kafwali, Amahai asuwaro, Elpaputih asawari, Manusela asuwalia, Masiwang asawais, Ambelau kaswari, Kayeli kasawari, Nusalaut asuwalyo, Saparua asawallo, Haruku kasawari...Kowiai asawar, Onin kasawari, Biak manswar, Dusner masuar, Windesi maswa, Sobei swodi, Tarfia kasur, Yotafa hetuwar...
↑ ^12,0 ^12,1 ^12,2 Pikobet nganggit: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Clements2007
↑ ^13,0 ^13,1 ^13,2 Davies (2002).
↑ Miller, Alden H. (June 19, 1962). "The history and significance of the fossil Casuarius lydekkeri" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. The Australian Museum. 25 (10): 235–238. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.25.1962.662. Kaaksés March 20, 2017.
↑ Rich, P. V.; Plane, Michael; Schroeder, Natalie (1988). "A pygmy cassowary (Casuarius lydekkeri) from late Pleistocene bog deposits at Pureni, Papua New Guinea" (PDF). BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics. 10: 377–389.
↑ "The Taxonomy of the Genus Cassowarius". perron.eu. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Kaaksés July 7, 2017.
↑ Perron (2011), pp. 54–8.
↑ Pikobet nganggit: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

[1] "Part 7- Vertebrates". Collection of group names. 2007. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2016-10-05. Kaaksés 2016-05-04.

[2] Melville, R. V.; Smith, J. D. D., eds. (1987). Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology. ICZN. p. 17.

[Clements,_J_(2007)-3] Clements, J. (2007)

[4] Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (ring Prancis miwah Latin). 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 46, Vol. 5: p. 10, Plate 1 fig 2.

[5] Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979). Check-list of Birds of the World. 1 (édisi ka-2nd). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 7.

[6] Linnaeus, Carl (1748). Systema Naturae sistens regna tria naturæ, in classes et ordines, genera et species redacta tabulisque aeneis illustrata (ring Latin) (édisi ka-6th). Stockholmiae (Stockholm): Godofr, Kiesewetteri. pp. 16, 27.

[7] Linnaeus, Carl (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (ring Latin). 1 (édisi ka-10th). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 155.

[8] Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.

[9] "Article 3". International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (édisi ka-4th). London: International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. 1999. ISBN 978-0-85301-006-7.

[10] Mal:Cite OED

[11] Mahdi, Waruno (2007). Malay Words and Malay Things: Lexical Souvenirs from an Exotic Archipelago in German Publications Before 1700. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 192–3. ISBN 978-3-447-05492-8. Cognates occur in [...] Alune kafwali, Amahai asuwaro, Elpaputih asawari, Manusela asuwalia, Masiwang asawais, Ambelau kaswari, Kayeli kasawari, Nusalaut asuwalyo, Saparua asawallo, Haruku kasawari...Kowiai asawar, Onin kasawari, Biak manswar, Dusner masuar, Windesi maswa, Sobei swodi, Tarfia kasur, Yotafa hetuwar...

[Clements2007-12] 12,0 ^12,1 ^12,2 Pikobet nganggit: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Clements2007

[Davies2002-13] 13,0 ^13,1 ^13,2 Davies (2002).

[14] Miller, Alden H. (June 19, 1962). "The history and significance of the fossil Casuarius lydekkeri" (PDF). Records of the Australian Museum. The Australian Museum. 25 (10): 235–238. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.25.1962.662. Kaaksés March 20, 2017.

[Rich_et_al_1988-15] Rich, P. V.; Plane, Michael; Schroeder, Natalie (1988). "A pygmy cassowary (Casuarius lydekkeri) from late Pleistocene bog deposits at Pureni, Papua New Guinea" (PDF). BMR Journal of Australian Geology & Geophysics. 10: 377–389.

[16] "The Taxonomy of the Genus Cassowarius". perron.eu. Kaarsipin saking versi asli tanggal 2016-03-05. Kaaksés July 7, 2017.

[FOOTNOTEPerron201154–8-17] Perron (2011), pp. 54–8.

[:0-18] Pikobet nganggit: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0

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