Pythagoras

Pythagoras
Pythagoras
	Bust of Pythagoras of Samos in the; Capitoline Museums, Rome
Kamundagan	c. 570 BC; Samos
Kagadanan	c. 495 BC (aged around 75); either Croton or Metapontum
Era	Pre-Socratic philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Pythagoreanism
Main interests	Ethics; Mathematics; Metaphysics; Music; Mysticism; Politics; Religion;
Notable ideas	Communalism; Metempsychosis; Musica universalis; ; Attributed ideas: Five climatic zones; Five regular solids; Proportions; Pythagorean theorem; Pythagorean tuning; Sphericity of the Earth; Vegetarianism;
	Influences Thales; Anaximander; Pherecydes; Themistoclea; Orphism; ;
	Influenced Pythagoreanism; Xenophanes; Empedocles; Plato; ;

Si Pythagoras kan Samos^{[lower-alpha 1]} (c. 570 – c. 495 BC)^{[lower-alpha 2]}sarong sinaunang Griyegong Ionian na pilosopo asin nagmukna kan Pythagoreanism. An saiyang politikal asin relihiyosong pagtukdo midbid sa Magna Graecia asin nakaimpluwensya sa mga pilosopiya ni Plato, Aristotle, asin sa Western na pilosopiya.

Ginikanan na Biograpikal

Mayong naisurat manungod ki Pythagorasan natada,^[5]^[6]^[7] asin haros mayong naisurat mapadapit sa saiyang buhay.^[8]^[9]^[10] An pinakaenot na mapagkukunan sa saiyang buhay medyo halipot, dae klarado o satirikall.^[7]^[11]^[12]

Hilingon man

Mga toltolan

Talababa

↑ US: /pɪˈθæɡərəs/,^[2] UK: /paɪ-/;^[3] Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, translit. Pythagóras ho Sámios, lit. 'Pythagoras the Samian', or simply Πυθαγόρας; Πυθαγόρης in Ionian Greek
↑ "The dates of his life cannot be fixed exactly, but assuming the approximate correctness of the statement of Aristoxenus (ap. Porph. V.P. 9) that he left Samos to escape the tyranny of Polycrates at the age of forty, we may put his birth round about 570 BC, or a few years earlier. The length of his life was variously estimated in antiquity, but it is agreed that he lived to a fairly ripe old age, and most probably he died at about seventy-five or eighty."^[4]

Pagsambit

↑ Joost-Gaugier 2006, p. 143.
↑ American: Pythagoras, Collins Dictionary, n.d., retrieved 25 September 2014
↑ British: Pythagoras, Collins Dictionary, n.d., retrieved 25 September 2014
↑ William Keith Chambers Guthrie, (1978), A history of Greek philosophy, Volume 1: The earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, p. 173. Cambridge University Press
↑ Joost-Gaugier 2006, p. 11.
↑ Celenza 2010, p. 796.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Ferguson 2008, p. 4.
↑ Ferguson 2008, pp. 3–5.
↑ Gregory 2015, pp. 21–23.
↑ Copleston 2003, p. 29.
↑ Kahn 2001, p. 2.
↑ Burkert 1985, p. 299.

Mga gibo

Igwang dikit na mga ginikanan na teksto mapadapit ki Pythagoras asin Pythagoreans; kadaklan manunumpungan sa iba-ibang dakit-taramon.

Klasikong Ginikanan

Diogenes Laërtius, Vitae philosophorum VIII (Lives of Eminent Philosophers), c. 200 AD, which in turn references the lost work Successions of Philosophers by Alexander Polyhistor — Plantilya:Cite LotEP
Porphyry, Vita Pythagorae (Life of Pythagoras), c. 270 AD — Porphyry, Life of Pythagoras, translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie (1920)
Iamblichus, De Vita Pythagorica (On the Pythagorean Life), c. 300 AD — Iamblichus, Life of Pythagoras Archived 2019-02-11 at the Wayback Machine., translated by Kenneth Sylvan Guthrie (1920)
Apuleius, following Aristoxenus, writes about Pythagoras in Apologia, c. 150 AD, including a story of his being taught by Zoroaster—a story also found in Clement of Alexandria. Plantilya:Harv
Hierocles of Alexandria, Golden Verses of Pythagoras, c. 430 AD

Modernong ikaduwang ginikanan

Asheri, David; Lloyd, Alan; Corcella, Aldo (2007). A Commentary on Herodotus, Books 1–4. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-814956-9.
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Bregman, Jay (2002), "Neoplatonism and American Aesthetics", in Alexandrakis, Aphrodite; Moulafakis, Nicholas J., Neoplatonism and Western Aesthetics, Studies in Neoplatonism: Ancient and Modern, 12, Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0-7914-5280-6
Bruhn, Siglind (2005), The Musical Order of the Universe: Kepler, Hesse, and Hindemith, Interfaces Series, Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press, ISBN 978-1-57647-117-3
Borlik, Todd A. (2011), Ecocriticism and Early Modern English Literature: Green Pastures, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-203-81924-1
Burkert, Walter (1 June 1972), Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-53918-1
Burkert, Walter (1985), Greek Religion, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-36281-9
Cameron, Alan (2004). Greek Mythography in the Roman World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-803821-4.
Carpenter, Rhys (1921), The Esthetic Basis Of Greek Art: Of The Fifth And Fourth Centuries B.C, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania: Bryn Mawr College, ISBN 978-1-165-68068-9
Christensen, Thomas (2002), The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-62371-1
Cornelli, Gabriele; McKirahan, Richard (2013), In Search of Pythagoreanism: Pythagoreanism as an Historiographical Category, Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-030650-7
Copleston, Frederick (2003) [1946], "The Pythagorean Society", A History of Philosophy, 1 Greece and Rome, London, England and New York City, New York: Continuum, ISBN 978-0-8264-6947-2
Dicks, D. R. (1970), Early Greek Astronomy to Aristotle, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 978-0-8014-0561-7
Dillon, Sheila (24 December 2005), Ancient Greek Portrait Sculpture: Context, Subjects, and Styles, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-1-107-61078-1
Ferguson, Kitty (2008), The Music of Pythagoras: How an Ancient Brotherhood Cracked the Code of the Universe and Lit the Path from Antiquity to Outer Space, New York City, New York: Walker & Company, ISBN 978-0-8027-1631-6
French, Peter J. (2002) [1972], John Dee: The World of the Elizabethan Magus, New York City, New York and London, England: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7448-0079-1
Celenza, Christopher (2010), "Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism", in Grafton, Anthony; Most, Glenn W.; Settis, Salvatore, The Classical Tradition, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, pp. 796–799, ISBN 978-0-674-03572-0
Grant, Michael (1989), The Classical Greeks, History of Civilization, New York City, New York: Charles Schribner's Sons, ISBN 978-0-684-19126-3
Gregory, Andrew (2015), "The Pythagoreans: Number and Numerology", in Lawrence, Snezana; McCartney, Mark, Mathematicians and their Gods: Interactions between Mathematics and Religious Beliefs, Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, pp. 21–50, ISBN 978-0-19-870305-1
Guthrie, W. K. (1979), A History of Greek Philosophy: Earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29420-1
Haag, Michael (2013), Inferno Decoded: The Essential Companion to the Myths, Mysteries and Locations of Dan Brown's Inferno, London, England: Profile Books, Ltd., ISBN 978-1-78125-180-5
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Hermann, Arnold (2005), To Think Like God: Pythagoras and Parmenides—the Origins of Philosophy, Las Vegas, Nevada: Parmenides Publishing, ISBN 978-1-930972-00-1
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Kahn, Charles H. (2001), Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A Brief History, Indianapolis, Indiana and Cambridge, England: Hackett Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-87220-575-8
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Panluwas na takod

Pythagoras sa In Our Time sa BBC
Huffman, Carl, "Pythagoras", in Zalta, Edward N., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
"Pythagoras of Samos", The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland
"Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, Fragments and Commentary", Arthur Fairbanks Hanover Historical Texts Project, Hanover College Department of History
"Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans" Archived 2009-03-09 at the Wayback Machine., Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University
"Pythagoras and Pythagoreanism", The Catholic Encyclopedia
Works by or about Pythagoras at Internet Archive
Mga gibo ni Pythagoras sa LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)

[4] US: /pɪˈθæɡərəs/,^[2] UK: /paɪ-/;^[3] Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, translit. Pythagóras ho Sámios, lit. 'Pythagoras the Samian', or simply Πυθαγόρας; Πυθαγόρης in Ionian Greek

[6] "The dates of his life cannot be fixed exactly, but assuming the approximate correctness of the statement of Aristoxenus (ap. Porph. V.P. 9) that he left Samos to escape the tyranny of Polycrates at the age of forty, we may put his birth round about 570 BC, or a few years earlier. The length of his life was variously estimated in antiquity, but it is agreed that he lived to a fairly ripe old age, and most probably he died at about seventy-five or eighty."^[4]

[FOOTNOTEJoost-Gaugier2006143-1] Joost-Gaugier 2006, p. 143.

[Collins2-2] American: Pythagoras, Collins Dictionary, n.d., retrieved 25 September 2014

[Collins-3] British: Pythagoras, Collins Dictionary, n.d., retrieved 25 September 2014

[5] William Keith Chambers Guthrie, (1978), A history of Greek philosophy, Volume 1: The earlier Presocratics and the Pythagoreans, p. 173. Cambridge University Press

[FOOTNOTEJoost-Gaugier200611-7] Joost-Gaugier 2006, p. 11.

[FOOTNOTECelenza2010796-8] Celenza 2010, p. 796.

[FOOTNOTEFerguson20084-9] 7.0 ^7.1 Ferguson 2008, p. 4.

[FOOTNOTEFerguson20083–5-10] Ferguson 2008, pp. 3–5.

[FOOTNOTEGregory201521–23-11] Gregory 2015, pp. 21–23.

[FOOTNOTECopleston200329-12] Copleston 2003, p. 29.

[FOOTNOTEKahn20012-13] Kahn 2001, p. 2.

[FOOTNOTEBurkert1985299-14] Burkert 1985, p. 299.

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