Umchazampilo
- top: izinungwana zethumbu -E. coli nendluzele
- bottom: ibhungane nomuthi wemfingo
uMchazampilo yinzululwazi efunda ngempilo. Inzululwazi engokwemvelo enesikhangelo esibanzi kodwa enezihloko ezimbalwa eziyibumbayo ziyibophele ndawonye njengomkhakha owodwa, ohlangene. Ngokwesibonelo zonke iziPhili zakhiwa amangqamuzana adludlunga ukwaziswa kofuzo olulotshwe ezifuzisini, olungadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Esinye isihloko esikhulu ukuThubeka, okuchaza ubunye nokungafani kwempilo. Ukudludlunga isidlakathi nakho kubalulekile empilweni njengoba kuvumela iziPhili ukuba zinyakaze, zikhule futhi zizale. Okokugcina, zonke iziphili ziyakwazi ukulawula ubumvelo bazo ngaphakathi.
Abachazimpilo bayakwazi ukufunda ngempilo emazingeni okuhleleka amaningi, kusuka kuMchazampilo wamachembe wamangqamuzana kuya kuMhlakahlo nochazomzimba lwezimila nezilwane, kanye nokuThubeka kwezibalo zabantu. Ingakho kunoqeqesho oluningi oluyiminxa yomchazampilo, ngalunye olucaciswa yisimo semibuzo yocwaningo lwawo kanye namathuluzi eliwasebenzisayo. Njengabanye oSonzululwazi, abachazimpilo basebenzisa indlela-su engokwesayensi ukwenza izingqaphelo, bahlome imibuzo, bakhe izihlawumbiselo, benze imigcanso, futhi bafike esiphethweni mayelana nezwe elibazungezile.
Impilo emhlabeni uNomkhubulwane, eyavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-3.7 ezedlule, inezinhlobinhlobo ezingafani. Abachazimpilo baye bazimisela ukucwaninga nokujinja izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kusuka eziphilini zezimvelendeni (prokaryotic organisms) ezifana nezingunazana (archaea) nezinungwana kuya eziphilini eziyizinswelandeni (eukaryotic organisms) ezifana nezilokazana (protists), Ukhunta, Izitshalo, Izilwane. Lezinhlobo zeziphili zenza umnikelo kwimpilobanzi (biodiversity) yoxhaxhamvelo (ecosystem), lapho zineqhaza elikhethekile emjikelezweni wemisoco nesidlakathi ngesimo sazo semvelo.