Khái-soân-mn̂g
Khái-soân-mn̂g sī chi̍t-khoán kì-liām-sèng ê to̍k-li̍p kiàn-tio̍k kiat-kò͘, oân-kong-mn̂g hêng, sī mn̂g ê chi̍t-khoán. Siōng kán-tan ê hêng-sek ê khái-soân-mn̂g sī iû: nn̄g-ê oân-kong-mn̂g liân-chiap ê tōa kiô-chiam lâi cho͘-sêng, téng-koân ū chi̍t-ê kng-seⁿ--ê thiāu-téng he̍k-chiá sī lâu-koh, téng-thâu ē-tàng an tiau-siōng he̍k-chiá ū khek kì-liām bêng-bûn. Chú-thé kiat-kò͘ thong-siông ē khek chng-thāⁿ, phû-tiau chham hōng-hiàn-chiá téng-téng. Koh-khah iù-kang ê khái-soân-mn̂g mā ū khó-lêng siat chē-ê oân-kong-mn̂g.
Khái-soân-mn̂g sī kā Kó͘-tāi Lô-má kiàn-tio̍k ū koan-hē, sī siōng ū éng-hióng-la̍t kah siōng te̍k-sû ê kiàn-tio̍k lūi-hêng chi-it. Khái-soân-mn̂g hŏng jīn-ûi sī kó͘-tāi Lô-má-lâng só͘ kiàn--ê, iōng-lâi kì-liām chiàn-cheng sèng-lī ê tiōng-tāi kong-kiōng sū-kiāⁿ, phì-lūn kóng, kiàn-li̍p sin--ê si̍t-bîn-tē, kiàn-chō tō-lō͘ a̍h-sī kiô, hông-sit sêng-oân kòe-sin, he̍k-chiá sī sin hông-tè chē-thiⁿ téng-téng. Lâu kàu hiān-tāi ê Lô-má khái-soân-mn̂g ū Tito Khái-soân-mn̂g, Settimio Severo Khái-soân-mn̂g kah Costantino Khái-soân-mn̂g. Chia ê khái-soân-mn̂g khai-phòa-liáu chin chē āu-Lô-má kok-ka chham thóng-tī-chiá lâi bô͘-hóng, tì-sú sè-kài koh-tè lóng lâi óa kó͘-tāi Lô-má khái-soân-mn̂g ê iūⁿ khí ka-tī ê mn̂g. Siōng chhut-miâ--ê sī Hoat-kok ê Pa-lê Khái-soân-mn̂g, Lō͘-se-a Sèng Pí-tek-pó ê Narva Khái-soân-mn̂g kah Eng-kok Lûn-tun ê Wellington Oân-kong-mn̂g.
Khái-soân-mn̂g sêng-pún tio̍h ū khèng-chiok kun-sū sêng-kong ê soan-thoân kong-lêng, in-chhú bô èng-tong chham kì-liām mn̂g, oân-kong-mn̂g kah siâⁿ-mn̂g lām chò-hóe kóng. Phì-lūn, Tek-kok Pek-lîm ê Brandenburg Mn̂g, Bí-kok Niú-iok ê Washington Kóng-tiûⁿ Oân-kong-mn̂g he̍k-chiá sī Ìn-tō͘ Sin Delhi ê Ìn-tō͘ Mn̂g.