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調式

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書

喺現代嘅西樂樂理調式英文mode)係指某類音階(通常指大調)以唔同開始嘅各種順序排列方式。流行曲講調式就係呢種。

「調式」 以前唔係咁解,例如中世紀早期講八個調式、後來講十二個調式[1],呢啲調式都同音階有幾多個音冇乜關係。傳統音樂​​例如阿拉伯音樂或者土耳其音樂等等​​講嘅調式亦比較接近以前講嘅嗰種。

現代西樂嘅調式

[編輯]

現代西樂嘅調式指以某種音階做基礎,用音階入面唔同嘅音起音,順序攞齊八度音,而得出嚟嘅新音階;原本個音階有幾多個音,就有幾多個調式。呢種調式嘅音階,基礎通常係大調,而大調係由七個音組成,所以對應七個調式;不過,除咗大調之外,現代西樂其實仲有四種對應七個調式嘅音階,分別係旋律小調和聲小調和聲大調[註 1]harmonic major)同雙和聲大調[註 2]double harmonic major[2],甚至五聲音階都有對應嘅五锢調式。

原音階:
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調(中央 C 起音,攞兩個八度)"
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup\bar ""
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f\stopGroup\bar ""
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a\stopGroup\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e'\stopGroup\bar ""
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g'\stopGroup\bar ""
			a'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e\stopGroup\bar ""
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g\stopGroup\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f'\stopGroup\bar ""
			g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a'\stopGroup\bar ""
			b'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c''1\stopGroup
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 60/4
		c4 d e f g a b c' d' e' f' g' a' b' c''1
	}
}


\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調一級調式(艾奧尼安調式)"
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup\bar ""
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f\stopGroup\bar ""
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a\stopGroup\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			d'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			e'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			f'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			g'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			a'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			b'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e\stopGroup\bar ""
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g\stopGroup\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'\bar ""
			d'\bar ""
			e'\bar ""
			f'\bar ""
			g'\bar ""
			a'\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 32/4
		c4 d e f g a b c'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調二級調式(多里安調式)"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e\stopGroup\bar ""
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g\stopGroup\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			e'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			f'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			g'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			a'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			b'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d\bar ""
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f\stopGroup\bar ""
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a\stopGroup\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'\bar ""
			e'\bar ""
			f'\bar ""
			g'\bar ""
			a'\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose d c' {
		\time 32/4
		d4 e f g a b c' d'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調三級調式(費里吉安調式)"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c4
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			d\bar ""
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f\stopGroup\bar ""
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a\stopGroup\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize e'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			f'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			g'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			a'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			b'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d\bar ""
			e\bar ""
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g\stopGroup\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			e'\bar ""
			f'\bar ""
			g'\bar ""
			a'\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose e c' {
		\time 32/4
		e4 f g a b c' d' e'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調四級調式(利地安調式)"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c4
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			d\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			e\bar ""
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g\stopGroup\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize f'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			g'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			a'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			b'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d\bar ""
			e\bar ""
			f\bar ""
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a\stopGroup\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e'\stopGroup\bar ""
			f'\bar ""
			g'\bar ""
			a'\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose f c' {
		\time 32/4
		f4 g a b c' d' e' f'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調五級調式(米索利地安調式)"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c4
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			d\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			e\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			f\bar ""
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a\stopGroup\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e'\stopGroup\bar ""
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize g'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			a'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			b'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d\bar ""
			e\bar ""
			f\bar ""
			g\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f'\stopGroup\bar ""
			g'\bar ""
			a'\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose g c' {
		\time 32/4
		g4 a b c' d' e' f' g'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調六級調式(伊奧利安調式)"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c4
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			d\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			e\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			f\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			g\bar ""
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			b\stopGroup\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f'\stopGroup\bar ""
			g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize a'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			b'\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d\bar ""
			e\bar ""
			f\bar ""
			g\bar ""
			a\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e'\stopGroup\bar ""
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g'\stopGroup\bar ""
			a'\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose a c' {
		\time 32/4
		a4 b c' d' e' f' g' a'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 60/4
			<>^"大調七級調式(洛克里安調式)"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c4
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			d\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			e\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			f\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			g\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			a\bar ""
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			c'\stopGroup\bar ""
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			e'\stopGroup\bar ""
			f'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			g'\stopGroup\bar ""
			a'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize b'\stopGroup\bar ""
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#d0d0d0"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#d0d0d0"
			c''1
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 60/4
			c4
			d\bar ""
			e\bar ""
			f\bar ""
			g\bar ""
			a\bar ""
			b\bar ""
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			d'\stopGroup\bar ""
			e'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup\bar ""
			f'\stopGroup\bar ""
			g'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup\bar ""
			a'\stopGroup\bar ""
			b'\bar ""
			c''1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose b c' {
		\time 32/4
		b4 c' d' e' f' g' a' b'1
	}
}
任何音階,所有調式只係喺唔同音起音。

每個調式亦有自己嘅順階和弦,但係因為調式只係原本個音階嘅唔同次序,佢哋嘅順階和弦亦即係同原本個音階嘅順階和弦一樣,只係唔同次序。

調式嘅第一個音有時唔叫主音,叫 「終音」(final),呢個叫法係嚟自教會調式。

倒影

[編輯]

任何一個有 個音嘅調式,構成嘅上行音程 ,喺起音嘅第一級音掉轉落同樣嘅音程 ,構成嘅下行新音階叫 「等價倒影調式」[暫譯][註 3]mirror modal equivalent),構成嘅音程一樣,只係次序掉轉[3]

\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\time 32/4
			<>^"C 艾奧尼安調式"
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			c4
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 32/4
		c4 d e f g a b c'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c c' {
			\clef bass
			\time 32/4
			<>^"倒影"
			c4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			bes,\stopGroup
			aes,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			g,\stopGroup
			f,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			ees,\stopGroup
			des,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize c,1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			c4
			bes,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			aes,\stopGroup
			g,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f,\stopGroup
			ees,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			des,\stopGroup
			c,1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c c' {
		\time 32/4
		c4 bes, aes, g, f, ees, des, c,1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose e c {
			\clef bass
			\time 32/4
			<>^"C 費里吉安調式(低音 C 起音)"
			e4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize e'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose e c {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			e4
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			e'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose e c {
		\time 32/4
		e4 f g a b c' d' e'1
	}
}
構成艾奧尼安調式(大調)嘅音程同構成費里吉安調式嘅音程其實完全一樣,只係次序掉轉。

有啲調式嘅倒影係佢自己,呢啲叫迴文音階[暫譯][註 4]palindrome 或者 palindromic scale)或者自反音階[暫譯][註 5]reflective scale),其中一個例子係多里安調式,掉轉都係多里安調式,另一個例子係雙和聲大調,掉轉都係雙和聲大調[4]

\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose d c' {
			\time 32/4
			<>^"C 多里安調式"
			d4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize d'1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose d c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			d4
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			d'1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose d c' {
		\time 32/4
		d4 e f g a b c' d'1
	}
}
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose d c' {
			\clef bass
			\time 32/4
			<>^"倒影"
			d4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c\stopGroup
			b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a,\stopGroup
			g,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f,\stopGroup
			e,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize d,1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose d c' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			d4
			c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b,\stopGroup
			a,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g,\stopGroup
			f,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e,\stopGroup
			d,1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose d c' {
		\time 32/4
		d4 c b, a, g, f, e, d,1
	}
}
構成多里安調式嘅音程,掉轉咗,一樣係多里安調式。

用途

[編輯]

調式可以睇成係強調某個升或者降咗半音嘅音,或者睇成用嚟形造某種感覺嘅聲嘅方法[5]

某啲類型嘅音樂會成日用某啲調式,例如,電影音樂成日會用利地安調式[6] ,而搖滾樂就成日會用米索利地安調式[7]

[編輯]

注意呢啲大調嗰七個調式嘅名全部都係希臘名,但係其實並唔對應同名嘅古希臘調式。

有需要講清楚嘅時候,調式嘅名會講埋調式音階嘅第一個音係乜。例如如果用 C 大調 嘅音,但係 E 音起音,因為 E 音係 C 大調嘅第三級,所以係費里吉安調式,但係因為起音嘅係 E,所以叫 「E 費里吉安調式」。

大調嗰七個調式有時又叫 「教會調式」[8],但係教會用嘅調式其實並唔係呢套。

教會調式

[編輯]

教會調式,又叫中古教堂調式[9],原本一共有八個,分做正格調式(authentic modes,簡稱正調[10])同變格調式(plagal modes,又叫副調[10])兩類,每個調式都有編號,正格調式編號一三五七,變格調式編號二四六八[10]1547年,調式增加到十二個,但係新嘅四個調式可以當係只係原有八個嘅其中四個移咗位[11]

教會調式點分,並唔係按啲音點排嚟分,而係按主音係乜同擺邊嚟分。教會調式嘅主音叫 「終音」(拉丁文finalis[11]英文final),指 「喺中心嘅音」,擺頭尾叫正格調式,擺中間叫變格調式[12],而正格調式當中,第一調係指 re 音係終音,第三調指 mi 係終音,第五調指 fa 係終音,第七調指 so 係終音[10]

除咗終音之外,第二重要嘅音叫屬音(拉丁文dominans[11]英文dominant[12]

古希臘嘅調式

[編輯]

古希臘嘅調式係由管或者分成約干等分而得出[13],主要調式叫多里安調[註 6]七曜屬日,所以又叫日調式[暫譯][14]。結構上,古希臘音階係由兩個四音音階tetrachord)並排而成,基本嘅四音音階有三個,分別叫多里安四音音階、弗里吉安四音音階同利地安四音音階[15]

如果唔理古希臘其實唔係用平均律,古希臘嘅七種調式可以話全部對應現代西樂大調嘅七種調式,但係除咗伊奧利安一樣之外,啲名全部都唔同:

古希臘調式[16][14] 別名[17] 七曜[14] 音階[18] 結構 對應現代西樂調式
高聲部 銜接 低聲部
多里安調
(Dorian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose e' e'' {
			\time 32/4
			e'4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d'\stopGroup
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			\bar "'"
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose e' e'' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			e'4
			d'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			e1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose e' e'' {
		\time 32/4
		e'4 d' c' b a g f e1
	}
}
多里安[19] 全音[14] 多里安[19] 費里吉安調式
(Phrygian)
弗里吉安調
(Phrygian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose d' d'' {
			\time 32/4
			d'4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c'\stopGroup
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			\bar "'"
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose d' d'' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			d'4
			c'-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			d1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose d' d'' {
		\time 32/4
		d'4 c' b a g f e d1
	}
}
弗里吉安[19] 全音[14] 弗里吉安[19] 多里安調式
(Dorian)
利地安調
(Lydian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose c' c'' {
			\time 32/4
			c'4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b\stopGroup
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			\bar "'"
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose c' c'' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			c'4
			b-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			c1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose c' c'' {
		\time 32/4
		c'4 b a g f e d c1
	}
}
利地安[19] 全音[14] 利地安[19] 艾奧尼安調式
(Ionian)
米索利地安調
(Mixolydian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose b b' {
			\time 32/4
			b4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a\stopGroup
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			\bar "'"
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b,1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose b b' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			b4
			a-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c\stopGroup
			b,1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose b b' {
		\time 32/4
		b4 a g f e d c b,1
	}
}
未知 未知 多里安[19] 洛克里安調式
(Locrian)
海波多里安調
(Hypodorian)
伊奧利安調
(Aeolian)
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose a a' {
			\time 32/4
			a4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g\stopGroup
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c\stopGroup
			b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\bar "'"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize a,1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose a a' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			a4
			g-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b,\stopGroup
			a,1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose a a' {
		\time 32/4
		a4 g f e d c b, a,1
	}
}
多里安(原低聲部)[20] 相同音[20] 多里安(原高聲部低八度)[20] 伊奧利安調式
(Aeolian)
海波弗里吉安調
(Hypophrygian)
艾奧尼安調
(Ionian)
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose g g' {
			\time 32/4
			g4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			f\stopGroup
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b,\stopGroup
			a,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\bar "'"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize g,1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose g g' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			g4
			f-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c\stopGroup
			b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a,\stopGroup
			g,1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose g g' {
		\time 32/4
		g4 f e d c b, a, g,1
	}
}
弗里吉安(原低聲部)[20] 相同音[20] 弗里吉安(原高聲部低八度)[20] 米索利地安調式
(Mixolydian)
海波利地安調
(Hypolydian)
唔適用
\header { tagline = "" }
\score {
	\layout {
		indent = #0
		line-width = #72
		ragged-last = ##f
		\context { \Score
			\override SpacingSpanner.spacing-increment = #1/2
			\remove System_start_delimiter_engraver
		}
	}
	<<
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Time_signature_engraver
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #UP
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.8
		} \transpose f f' {
			\time 32/4
			f4-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			e\stopGroup
			d-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			c\stopGroup
			b,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			a,\stopGroup
			g,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			\bar "'"
			\once \override NoteHead.color = "#909090"
			\once \override Stem.color = "#909090"
			\parenthesize f,1\stopGroup
		}
		\new Staff \with {
			\remove Bar_engraver \remove Time_signature_engraver
			\remove Key_engraver \remove Clef_engraver
			\override StaffSymbol.line-count = 0
		} \new Voice \with {
			\consists Horizontal_bracket_engraver
			\override HorizontalBracket.direction = #DOWN
			\override HorizontalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(0 . 1)
			\override HorizontalBracket.Y-offset = 3.9
		} \transpose f f' {
			\hideNotes
			\time 32/4
			f4
			e-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			d\stopGroup
			c-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "半音"\startGroup
			b,\stopGroup
			a,-\tweak HorizontalBracketText.text "全音"\startGroup
			g,\stopGroup
			f,1
		}
	>>
}
\score {
	\midi { \tempo 4 = 144 }
	\transpose f f' {
		\time 32/4
		f4 e d c b, a, g, f,1
	}
}
利地安(原低聲部)[20] 相同音[20] 利地安(原高聲部低八度)[20] 利地安調式
(Lydian)

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. Hiley 2011.
  2. Beato 2020, 8:00.
  3. Beato 2017b, 4:00.
  4. Beato 2017b, 4:09, 5:07.
  5. Beato 2019, 8:10, 7:10.
  6. Beato 2021, 11:30.
  7. Beato 2021, 13:20.
  8. M5 Music 無日期.
  9. 我略音樂課程 - 第一年 (課程綱要) (香港中文)。天主教香港教區聖樂委員會。喺2024年12月13號搵到
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 蔡詩亞 1995年, 註38.
  11. 11.0 11.1 11.2 劉志明 2020年,頁 1.
  12. 12.0 12.1 樂史 (PDF) (香港中文)。頁 2。喺2024年12月13號搵到
  13. Hamilton 1953, 第1章.
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Hamilton 1953, 第4章.
  15. 劉志明 2020年,頁 2.
  16. 劉志明 2020年,頁 3–4.
  17. 劉志明 2020年,頁 4.
  18. 劉志明 2008年,頁 14.
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 劉志明 2020年,頁 2–3.
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 劉志明 2020年,頁 3.

[編輯]
  1. 譯名見:聲大調 (臺灣中文)。黑白格文藝事業。喺2024年12月13號搵到
  2. 譯名見:和聲大調 (臺灣中文)。黑白格文藝事業。喺2024年12月13號搵到
  3. 譯名參考:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 33;又:「數學科常用英漢辭彙」 2020年, p. 11
  4. 譯名參考:藝術教育組 2023年, p. 38
  5. 譯名參考:「數學科常用英漢辭彙」 2020年, p. 23
  6. 譯名見:劉志明 2020年, p. 3

書目

[編輯]