房地產
房地產(粵拼:fong4 dei6 caan2;英文:real estate),或者就噉簡稱地產,係財產嘅一種。一棟房地產會包含[1][2]
一棟房地產唔會包含笪地上面嘅動產(personal property):動產包括啲「郁得」嘅財產,即係件財產郁咗都唔會有損佢嘅價值,好似一個人啲傢俬或者汽車都係佢嘅動產,而相比之下,一笪土地或者一間屋(簡化噉講)唔郁得,或者郁咗就會明顯影響佢嘅價值;因為房地產唔包動產,就算一個人(例如)將佢啲傢俬擺喺佢擁有嘅屋裏面,啲傢俬都唔算係棟房地產嘅一部份[3][4]。
自從廿世紀中起,房地產就一路都畀人視為一種有用嘅投資:由於通脹等嘅現象,有返咁上下識理財嘅人都會想攞自己嘅儲蓄買啲有升值潛力嘅財產,而唔係齋一味將啲錢儲住;事實亦表明,房地產有升值潛力,買咗仲可以攞嚟住,所以好多人以至企業都會買房地產嚟做一種投資,甚至買咗啲房地產之後唔住喺入面。據估計,喺 2020 年代初嘅美國,房地產市場嘅總值去到過萬億美金咁多[5]。
因為房地產咁重要,房地產嘅相關課題自然引起咗唔少經濟學同金融學工作者嘅關注。呢啲工作者會剖析房地產市場嘅運作,想解答「要點樣預測房地產市場嘅變動」同埋「要用乜政策先可以有效噉管控房地產市場」等嘅問題[2][6]。
法律定義
編輯正路嚟講,一個國家或者地區嘅法律會對房地產呢隻詞(或者隻詞喺第啲語言入面嘅對應)作出定義[7]。喺 2022 年,美國紐約州嘅康奈爾法律學院(Cornell Law School)係噉定義房地產呢隻詞嘅[8][註 1]:
「 | 原版英文:"Real estate is a piece of land, including any artificial or natural property permanently attached to it, above or beneath, such as a house, a building, a tree, or minerals. Personal property like vehicles is not part of real estate."
粵文翻譯:房地產係(指)一笪土地,包埋任何永久噉結附喺笪土地上邊或者下邊嘅人造或者自然財產,例如係一棟住宅、一棟建築物、一樖樹或者礦物質。好似交通工具等嘅動產唔係房地產嘅一部份。 |
」 |
動產(personal property / movable property)泛指啲「郁得」嘅財產,相對於不動產(immovable property)[2]:
- 好似土地、建築物、樹、泥土蘊含嘅礦物質或者井等嘅財產都係「正常情況下唔郁得」嘅,或者郁咗就會明顯噉影響佢哋嘅價值,例如一笪地位置近垃圾堆填區,住喺笪地嘅人成日都會受垃圾嘅臭味侵擾,少人想買笪地(需求低),通常就會搞到笪地嘅價低[9];如果家陣有位魔法師,佢施展魔法將笪地變去一個離垃圾堆填區遠嘅地方,正路就會令笪地嘅價升-笪地郁咗,佢嘅價值就明顯改變;呢啲「唔郁得」嘅財產就係不動產。
- 好似傢俬、交通工具(包括私家車同電單車等)或者個人電腦呢啲「郁得」嘅物品,都算係動產[10]。房地產正常嚟講唔包動產-噉亦即係話,想像有個人因為想移民而賣咗自己棟房地產,法律上佢只係賣緊佢笪地同笪地上面嗰間屋,間屋入面啲傢俬依然係屬於佢嘅(除非佢做買賣嗰陣,講明將啲傢俬賣埋俾對方);正路嚟講,佢頂攏淨係有義務要喺限時內將啲傢俬搬走[8]。
種類
編輯作為投資
編輯簡史
編輯註釋
編輯睇埋
編輯攷
編輯- ↑ James Chen (May 2, 2019). "What Is Real Estate?". Investopedia.com. Retrieved May 13, 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hudson-Wilson, S., Fabozzi, F. J., & Gordon, J. N. (2003). Why real estate?. The Journal of Portfolio Management, 29(5), 12-25.
- ↑ Real estate. Bankrate.
- ↑ Real Estate. annuity.org.
- ↑ Real Estate Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Property (Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Land), By Type (Sales, Rental, Lease), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2022-2030.
- ↑ Wheaton, W. C. (1999). Real estate "cycles": some fundamentals. Real estate economics, 27(2), 209-230.
- ↑ Real Estate Law. bakermckenzie.com.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Real estate. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School.
- ↑ Ready, R. (2010). Do landfills always depress nearby property values? (PDF). Journal of Real Estate Research, 32(3), 321-340.
- ↑ Ntsoane, L. S. (2018). The registration of special notarial bonds under the security by means of movable property act and the publicity principle: lessons from developments in Belgium. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 21(1).
拎
編輯- Different ways to invest in real estate. Investopedia.
- Real Estate. Investopedia.
- Save Your Money And Buy A Home When The Real Estate Market Cools, Forbes.