Nihoa

INihoa ekwabizwa ngokuba siSiqithi seNtaka okanye iMoku Manu, sesona siqithi siphezulu kwiziqithi ezili-10 kunye neeatolls ezingahlali bantu kumntla-ntshona weHawaii . Isiqithi sifumaneka kwincam esemazantsi eNorthwest Hawaiian Island chain, i-296 km (160 nmi) kumzantsi-mpuma we- Necker kwaye ikufutshane ne-8 iziqithi eziphambili zaseHawaii malunga ne-240 km (130 nmi) kumntla-ntshona wesiqithi saseKauai. Isiqithi sineentloko ezimbini, iMiller's Peak ngasentshona, i-272 m ukuphakama kunye ne-Tanager Peak ngasempuma, i-259 m ukuphakama, ithatha indawo emalunga ne-0.69 km ² kwaye ijikelezwe yi-coral reef enkulu yeehektare ezingama-57,000. Inkangeleko yaso ejijekileyo yanika esi siqithi igama laso, iNihoa, elithetha “izinyo” ngesiHawaii ^[1].

Esi siqithi silikhaya leentlobo ezingama-25 zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezininzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe sesona sahluka-hlukeneyo ngokwebhayoloji kuzo zonke i-NWHI. Iintaka ezihlala zikho njengentaka iNihoa finch neNihoa reed warbler, kwakunye nezityalo ezifana neNihoa palm, iNihoa carnation, neAmaranthus brownii zifumaneka apha kuphela. Amaqela ezityalo kunye neendawo ezinamatye zibonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuphumla kwiintlobo ze-18 zeentaka zolwandle, ezifana ne- Red-footed Booby, i-Brown Stolid Tern, ezinye iintlobo ze-tern, emva koko i-shearwater kunye ne-petrels. Ubungqina bembali yangaphambili bubonisa ukuba abantu bomthonyama baseHawaii babehlala okanye bandwendwela esi siqithi malunga ne-1000 AD, kodwa emva kwelo xesha indawo ka-Nihoa yayilibalekile, kunye nentsomi yomlomo kuphela egcina igama layo. UCaptain James Colnett waphinda wafumanisa esi siqithi ngo-1788, waza uKumkanikazi uKa'ahumanu wasityelela ngo-1822. Yayifakwe kuBukumkani baseHawaii nguKumkani uKamehameha IV. Ngowe-1909, yaba yinxalenye yeZiqithi zeHawaiian Wildlife Refuge kwaye yasekwa njengendawo yokusabela yezilwanyana zasendle nguMongameli waseUnited States uTheodore Roosevelt . Uhambo lweTanager luka-1923 lwenze uluhlu olupheleleyo lwebhayoloji yeentlobo ezininzi zezityalo. Ngomnyaka we-1940, yaba yinxalenye yeNdawo yokuPhepha kweZilwanyana zaseHawaii yaseNyakatho-ntshona kwaye, ngo-1988, yadweliswa kwiRejista yeSizwe yeeNdawo zeMbali ngenxa yeendawo zayo zenkcubeko ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-archaeological. Ke, ngo-2006, yaba yinxalenye yePapahānaumokuākea National Marine Monument. Iinzame ziyaqhubeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba iintlobo zezityalo ezikhuselweyo ziyasasazeka. Abantu abajonge ukundwendwela uNihoa kuphando lwenkcubeko okanye lwezenzululwazi bafuna imvume ekhethekileyo ekhutshwe yi-USFWS ukuze bahlale esiqithini ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungenisa iintlobo zamanye amazwe kwindawo esele ibuthathaka kaNihoa.

1. ↑ J., Rauzon, Mark (2001) Isles of refuge : wildlife and history of the northwestern Hawaiian Islands University of Hawai'i Press ISBN 0-8248-2209-9 OCLC 43672509