Aging Affects Human B Cell Responses (Q37841206)

30 September 2017

1 reference

title

Aging affects human B cell responses (English)

1 reference

30 September 2017

Aging Affects Human B Cell Responses (English)

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/S10875-010-9501-7

24 November 2024

main subject

cell-mediated immunity

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

24 November 2024

innate immune response

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

24 November 2024

Daniela Frasca

1 reference

30 September 2017

Bonnie B. Blomberg

series ordinal

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

24 November 2024

language of work or name

English

1 reference

National Center for Biotechnology Information

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/esummary.fcgi?db=pubmed&retmode=json&id=21318330

24 November 2024

publication date

12 February 2011

1 reference

full work available at URL

30 September 2017

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5560853

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5560853

24 November 2024

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5560853?pdf=render

24 November 2024

file format

Portable Document Format

online access status

open access

content deliverer

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-010-9501-7

24 November 2024

online access status

open access

1 reference

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/search?resulttype=core&format=json&query=SRC%3AMED%20AND%20EXT_ID%3A21318330

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10875-010-9501-7.pdf

24 November 2024

file format

Portable Document Format

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/S10875-010-9501-7

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10875-010-9501-7/fulltext.html

24 November 2024

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/S10875-010-9501-7

http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10875-010-9501-7

24 November 2024

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/S10875-010-9501-7

Journal of Clinical Immunology

24 November 2024

published in

1 reference

30 September 2017

1 reference

30 September 2017

1 reference

30 September 2017

430-435

1 reference

Intrinsic defects in B cell response to seasonal influenza vaccination in elderly humans

30 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Age-associated impaired plasmacytoid dendritic cell functions lead to decreased CD4 and CD8 T cell immunity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Age effects on B cells and humoral immunity in humans

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging of the innate immune system

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Toll-like receptors and B-cell receptors synergize to induce immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination: relevance to microbial antibody responses

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Age-associated decrease in TLR function in primary human dendritic cells predicts influenza vaccine response

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Influenza vaccination in the elderly: seeking new correlates of protection and improved vaccines

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

The ageing B cell population: composition and function

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Effects of aging on B cell function

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Immunosenescence and vaccine failure in the elderly

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Immunosenescence: what does it mean to health outcomes in older adults?

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Mucosal immunosenescence: new developments and vaccines to control infectious diseases

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Cytomegalovirus and human immunosenescence

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

B-cell diversity decreases in old age and is correlated with poor health status

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

MicroRNA-155 suppresses activation-induced cytidine deaminase-mediated Myc-Igh translocation

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

MicroRNA-155 is a negative regulator of activation-induced cytidine deaminase

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging of the immune system as a prognostic factor for human longevity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

A call to cellular & humoral arms: enlisting cognate T cell help to develop broad-spectrum vaccines against influenza A.

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

The immune system in extreme longevity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Human IgM+CD27+ B cells: memory B cells or "memory" B cells?

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging and T-cell diversity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Immunological biomarkers of ageing in man: changes in both innate and adaptive immunity are associated with health and longevity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: a quantitative review

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Signal transduction in the aging immune system

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Hyper immunoglobulin M syndrome due to CD40 deficiency: clinical, molecular, and immunological features

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Characterization of naïve, memory and effector CD8+ T cells: effect of age.

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Basis for the age-related decline in intestinal mucosal immunity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Human immunoglobulin M memory B cells controlling Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are generated in the spleen

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Genetic alterations in the ageing immune system: impact on infection and cancer

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

B lymphopoiesis is active throughout human life, but there are developmental age-related changes

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Hyper-IgM syndromes: a model for studying the regulation of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation generation

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

T cells and aging, January 2002 update.

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Value of immunological markers in predicting responsiveness to influenza vaccination in elderly individuals

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Mutations of CD40 gene cause an autosomal recessive form of immunodeficiency with hyper IgM.

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging impairs intestinal immunity

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Ageing of lymphocytes and lymphocytes in the aged

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

The network and the remodeling theories of aging: historical background and new perspectives

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians.

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Immunosenescence and mucosal immunity: significant effects of old age on secretory IgA concentrations and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Changes in circulating B cells and immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in a healthy aged population

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Effect of Priming Infection on Serologic Response to Whole and Subunit Influenza Virus Vaccines in Animals

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

B-cell kinetics in humans: rapid turnover of peripheral blood memory cells.

1 October 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Human blood IgM "memory" B cells are circulating splenic marginal zone B cells harboring a prediversified immunoglobulin repertoire

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Human immunoglobulin (Ig)M+IgD+ peripheral blood B cells expressing the CD27 cell surface antigen carry somatically mutated variable region genes: CD27 as a general marker for somatically mutated (memory) B cells

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Effect of age on humoral immunity, selection of the B-cell repertoire and B-cell development.

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Hypermutation, diversity and dissemination of human intestinal lamina propria plasma cells

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Humoral and cellular immune response to influenza virus vaccination in aged humans.

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Reduction in mortality associated with influenza vaccine during 1989-90 epidemic

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Efficacy of sequential annual vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Ageing and duodenal mucosal immunity.

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging is associated with a numerical and functional decline in plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whereas myeloid dendritic cells are relatively unaltered in human peripheral blood

23 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging down-regulates the transcription factor E2A, activation-induced cytidine deaminase, and Ig class switch in human B cells

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Regulation of aged humoral immune defense against pneumococcal bacteria by IgM memory B cell.

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Analysis of class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in patients affected with autosomal dominant hyper-IgM syndrome type 2.

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

CD27(+) (memory) B cell decrease and apoptosis-resistant CD27(-) (naive) B cell increase in aged humans: implications for age-related peripheral B cell developmental disturbances.

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Secretory IgA antibodies provide cross-protection against infection with different strains of influenza B virus

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Human uracil-DNA glycosylase deficiency associated with profoundly impaired immunoglobulin class-switch recombination

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

E-proteins directly regulate expression of activation-induced deaminase in mature B cells

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

B cells in the aged: CD27, CD5, and CD40 expression

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Maintenance of serological memory by polyclonal activation of human memory B cells.

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Characterization of antibody responses to annual influenza vaccination over four years in a healthy elderly population

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Age-dependent altered proportions in subpopulations of tonsillar lymphocytes

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Quality and quantity of the humoral immune response in healthy elderly and young subjects after annually repeated influenza vaccination

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=5560853

Aging and Innate Immunity

1 September 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FS10875-010-9501-7

Clinical spectrum of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome

21 January 2018

1 reference

https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007%2FS10875-010-9501-7

Role of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in protection from influenza disease after immunization of healthy elderly

21 January 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Age- and tissue-specific differences in human germinal center B cell selection revealed by analysis of IgVH gene hypermutation and lineage trees

1 reference

12 December 2020

Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones (B-lymphocyte precursors) in 662 consecutive bone marrow specimens by 4-color flow cytometry

1 reference

12 December 2020

Ageing and immunity: addressing immune senescence to ensure healthy ageing

1 reference

12 December 2020

Lack of antibody production following immunization in old age: association with CD8(+)CD28(-) T cell clonal expansions and an imbalance in the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines

1 reference

12 December 2020

Vaccination against tetanus in the elderly: do recommended vaccination strategies give sufficient protection

1 reference

12 December 2020

Diversity of the Ig repertoire is maintained with age in spite of reduced germinal centre cells in human tonsil lymphoid tissue

1 reference

12 December 2020

B cell subpopulations separated by CD27 and crucial collaboration of CD27+ B cells and helper T cells in immunoglobulin production

1 reference

12 December 2020

Mucosal vaccination and immune responses in the elderly

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

1 reference

30 September 2017

1 reference

30 September 2017

1 reference