BDNF treatment and extended recovery from optic nerve trauma in the cat (Q37243123)

19 August 2017

BDNF treatment and extended recovery from optic nerve trauma in the cat (English)

1 reference

19 August 2017

Arthur J Weber

1 reference

19 August 2017

Christine D Harman

series ordinal

1 reference

19 August 2017

language of work or name

English

0 references

publication date

9 October 2013

1 reference

Investigative Ophthalmology Visual Science

19 August 2017

1 reference

19 August 2017

1 reference

19 August 2017

1 reference

19 August 2017

6594-6604

1 reference

Optimization of the capsid of recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) vectors: the final threshold?

19 August 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Bioengineering of AAV2 capsid at specific serine, threonine, or lysine residues improves its transduction efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

A comprehensive review of retinal gene therapy

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Long-term gene therapy causes transgene-specific changes in the morphology of regenerating retinal ganglion cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Transplantation of BDNF-secreting mesenchymal stem cells provides neuroprotection in chronically hypertensive rat eyes

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Retinal ganglion cell gene therapy and visual system repair

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Neurotrophic factor delivery as a protective treatment for glaucoma

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Changes in the inner and outer retinal layers after acute increase of the intraocular pressure in adult albino Swiss mice

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

BDNF-hypersecreting human mesenchymal stem cells promote functional recovery, axonal sprouting, and protection of corticospinal neurons after spinal cord injury

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Neuroprotective effects of intravitreal mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experimental glaucoma

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Combined application of BDNF to the eye and brain enhances ganglion cell survival and function in the cat after optic nerve injury

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effect of CNTF on retinal ganglion cell survival in experimental glaucoma

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Tailoring the AAV vector capsid for gene therapy.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Intraocular route of AAV2 vector administration defines humoral immune response and therapeutic potential

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Gene therapy and transplantation in CNS repair: the visual system.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Structure-function relations of parasol cells in the normal and glaucomatous primate retina

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor reduces TrkB protein and mRNA in the normal retina and following optic nerve crush in adult rats

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Gene therapy with brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a protection: retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model.

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Transcranial magnetic stimulation as an investigative tool in the study of visual function

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells in adult cats

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is an anterograde survival factor in the rat visual system

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Prolonged delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by adenovirus-infected Müller cells temporarily rescues injured retinal ganglion cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effects of ocular injury and administration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on survival and regrowth of axotomized retinal ganglion cells

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Neurturin enhances the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in vivo: combined effects with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

6 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Down-regulation of the neurotrophin receptor TrkB following ligand binding. Evidence for an involvement of the proteasome and differential regulation of TrkA and TrkB.

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effects of neurotrophins on the survival and regrowth of injured retinal neurons

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

The retinotopic organization of area 17 (striate cortex) in the cat

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Stem cell therapy for glaucoma: possibilities and practicalities

28 September 2017

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor released from engineered mesenchymal stem cells attenuates glutamate- and hydrogen peroxide-mediated death of staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 cells.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effect of immunomodulation with anti-CD40L antibody on adenoviral-mediated transgene expression in mouse anterior segment

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

TrkB gene transfer protects retinal ganglion cells from axotomy-induced death in vivo.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Anterograde transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in the brain

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult mammals

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Distribution and coverage of beta cells in the cat retina

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effects of axotomy and intraocular administration of NT-4, NT-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the survival of adult rat retinal ganglion cells. A quantitative in vivo study

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Intravitreal injections of neurotrophic factors support the survival of axotomized retinal ganglion cells in adult rats in vivo

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Corticofugal projections from the visual cortices to the thalamus, pretectum and superior colliculus in the cat.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

The morphological types of ganglion cells of the domestic cat's retina.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Development of corticogeniculate synapses in the cat.

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Retinal ganglion cell degeneration following loss of postsynaptic target neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the adult cat

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

The neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3, and NGF display distinct patterns of retrograde axonal transport in peripheral and central neurons

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

The projections of cells in different layers of the cat's visual cortex

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Topographic organization of the projections from cortical areas 17, 18 and 19 onto the thalamus, pretectum and superior colliculus in the cat

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on mouse axotomized retinal ganglion cells and phagocytic microglia

26 June 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Stem cell-based delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene in the rat retina

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Long-term rescue of rat retinal ganglion cells and visual function by AAV-mediated BDNF expression after acute elevation of intraocular pressure

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Post-injury delivery of rAAV2-CNTF combined with short-term pharmacotherapy is neuroprotective and promotes extensive axonal regeneration after optic nerve trauma

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Is selective primary visual cortex stimulation achievable with TMS?

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain derived neurotrophic factor maintains Brn3a expression in axotomized rat retinal ganglion cells.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Intravitreal injections of neurotrophic factors secreting mesenchymal stem cells are neuroprotective in rat eyes following optic nerve transection.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effects of different neurotrophic factors on the survival of retinal ganglion cells after a complete intraorbital nerve crush injury: a quantitative in vivo study

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

BDNF preserves the dendritic morphology of alpha and beta ganglion cells in the cat retina after optic nerve injury

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Retrograde axonal transport obstruction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its TrkB receptor in the retina and optic nerve of American Cocker Spaniel dogs with spontaneous glaucoma

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Immunohistochemical localization of CNTFRalpha in adult mouse retina and optic nerve following intraorbital nerve crush: evidence for the axonal loss of a trophic factor receptor after injury

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

AAV-mediated expression of CNTF promotes long-term survival and regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cells

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Retinal ganglion cell neurotrophin receptor levels and trophic requirements following target ablation in the neonatal rat.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Target-derived and locally derived neurotrophins support retinal ganglion cell survival in the neonatal rat retina

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor shows a protective effect and improves recovery of the ERG b‐wave response in light‐damage

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Intraocular elevation of cyclic AMP potentiates ciliary neurotrophic factor-induced regeneration of adult rat retinal ganglion cell axons

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Intravitreal injections of neurotrophic factors and forskolin enhance survival and axonal regeneration of axotomized beta ganglion cells in cat retina

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Provision of brain-derived neurotrophic factor via anterograde transport from the eye preserves the physiological responses of axotomized geniculate neurons.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents axotomized retinal ganglion cell death through MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Patterns of retinal ganglion cell survival after brain-derived neurotrophic factor administration in hypertensive eyes of rats

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Survival of retinal ganglion cells after transection of the optic nerve in adult cats: a quantitative study within two weeks

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

BDNF enhances retinal ganglion cell survival in cats with optic nerve damage.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Neurotrophins and trk-receptors in adult rat spinal motoneurons: differences related to cell size but not to 'slow/fast' specialization

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

The zeta cell: a new ganglion cell type in cat retina

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Functional evidence that BDNF is an anterograde neuronal trophic factor in the CNS.

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Effects of BDNF infusion on the regulation of TrkB protein and message in adult rat brain

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Time-course and extent of retinal ganglion cell death following ablation of the superior colliculus in neonatal rats

3 September 2018

1 reference

https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pmc&linkname=pmc_refs_pubmed&retmode=json&id=3803139

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents lesion-induced axonal die-back in young rat optic nerve

3 September 2018

1 reference

12 December 2020

Transneuronal retrograde degeneration in the cat retina following neonatal ablation of visual cortex

1 reference

12 December 2020

The Eta ganglion cell type of cat retina

1 reference

12 December 2020

At least two mechanisms are involved in the death of retinal ganglion cells following target ablation in neonatal rats

1 reference

12 December 2020

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-4/5 stimulate growth of axonal branches from regenerating retinal ganglion cells

1 reference

12 December 2020

Electroretinographic responses and retrograde changes of retinal morphology after intracranial optic nerve section. A quantitative analysis in the cat

1 reference

12 December 2020

The morphology, number, and distribution of a large population of confirmed displaced amacrine cells in the adult cat retina

1 reference

12 December 2020

Obstructed axonal transport of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in experimental glaucoma

1 reference

12 December 2020

Ciliary neurotrophic factor induces down-regulation of its receptor and desensitization of signal transduction pathways in vivo: non-equivalence with pharmacological activity

1 reference

12 December 2020

Neurotrophin-evoked rapid excitation through TrkB receptors

1 reference

12 December 2020

BDNF down-regulates neurotrophin responsiveness, TrkB protein and TrkB mRNA levels in cultured rat hippocampal neurons

1 reference

12 December 2020

The number and distribution of ganglion cells in the cat's retina

1 reference

12 December 2020

Retrograde axonal transport of BDNF in retinal ganglion cells is blocked by acute IOP elevation in rats

1 reference

12 December 2020

Theta ganglion cell type of cat retina

1 reference

12 December 2020

Amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer of the cat retina

1 reference

12 December 2020

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection of adult rat retinal ganglion cells in vivo does not exclusively depend on phosphatidyl-inositol-3'-kinase/protein kinase B signaling

1 reference

12 December 2020

A quantitative analysis of the distribution of ganglion cells in the cat's retina

1 reference

12 December 2020

Identifiers

DOI

10.1167/IOVS.13-12683

1 reference

19 August 2017

1 reference

19 August 2017

PubMed publication ID

23989190

1 reference