Editorial Notes
Amendments
1996—Pub. L. 104–208, § 303(a), amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (e) related to proceedings to determine whether aliens detained under section 1225 of this title should be allowed to enter or should be excluded and deported.
Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 104–208, § 371(b)(5), substituted “An immigration judge” for “A special inquiry officer”, “an immigration judge” for “a special inquiry officer”, and “immigration judge” for “special inquiry officer”, wherever appearing.
1991—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 102–232 substituted “upon release of the alien (regardless of whether or not such release is on parole, supervised release, or probation, and regardless of the possibility of rearrest or further confinement in respect of the same offense)” for “upon completion of the alien’s sentence for such conviction”.
1990—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–649, § 603(a)(12), substituted “has a disease, illness, or addiction which would make the alien excludable under paragraph (1) of section 1182(a) of this title” for “is afflicted with a disease specified in section 1182(a)(6) of this title, or with any mental disease, defect, or disability which would bring such alien within any of the classes excluded from admission to the United States under paragraphs (1) to (4) or (5) of section 1182(a) of this title” and struck out at end “If an alien is excluded by a special inquiry officer because of the existence of a physical disease, defect, or disability, other than one specified in section 1182(a)(6) of this title, the alien may appeal from the excluding decision in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, and the provisions of section 1183 of this title may be invoked.”
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–649, § 504(b), added subsec. (e).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, § 303(b), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–586, provided that:
“(2) Notification regarding custody.—
If the
Attorney General, not later than 10 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [
Sept. 30, 1996], notifies in writing the Committees on the Judiciary of the
House of Representatives and the
Senate that there is insufficient detention space and Immigration and
Naturalization Service personnel available to carry out section 236(c) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act [
8 U.S.C. 1226(c)], as amended by subsection (a), or the amendments made by
section 440(c) of Public Law 104–132 [amending
section 1252 of this title], the provisions in paragraph (3) shall be in effect for a 1-year period beginning on the date of such notification, instead of such section or such amendments. [The
Attorney General so notified the committees on
Oct. 9, 1996.] The
Attorney General may extend such 1-year period for an additional year if the
Attorney General provides the same notice not later than 10 days before the end of the first 1-year period. After the end of such 1-year or 2-year periods, the provisions of such section 236(c) shall apply to individuals released after such periods.
“(3) Transition period custody rules.—
“(A) In general.—During the period in which this paragraph is in effect pursuant to paragraph (2), the Attorney General shall take into custody any alien who—
“(ii)
is inadmissible by reason of having committed any offense covered in section 212(a)(2) of such Act [
8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(2)],
“(iii)
is deportable by reason of having committed any offense covered in section 241(a)(2)(A)(ii), (A)(iii), (B), (C), or (D) of such Act [former
8 U.S.C. 1251(a)(2)(A)(ii), (A)(iii), (B), (C), (D)] (before redesignation under this subtitle), or
“(iv)
is inadmissible under section 212(a)(3)(B) of such Act or deportable under section 241(a)(4)(B) of such Act (before redesignation under this subtitle),
when the
alien is released, without regard to whether the
alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation, and without regard to whether the
alien may be arrested or imprisoned again for the same offense.
“(B) Release.—The Attorney General may release the alien only if the alien is an alien described in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (A)(iii) and—
“(i)
the
alien was lawfully admitted to the
United States and satisfies the
Attorney General that the
alien will not pose a danger to the safety of other persons or of property and is likely to appear for any scheduled proceeding, or
“(ii)
the
alien was not lawfully admitted to the
United States, cannot be removed because the designated country of removal will not accept the
alien, and satisfies the
Attorney General that the
alien will not pose a danger to the safety of other persons or of property and is likely to appear for any scheduled proceeding.”
Amendment by section 371(b)(5) of Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, see section 371(d)(1) of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.
Abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Transfer of Functions
For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of this title.
Identification of Certain Deportable Aliens Awaiting Arraignment
Pub. L. 105–141, Dec. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 2647, provided that:
“SECTION 1. PROGRAM OF IDENTIFICATION OF CERTAIN DEPORTABLE ALIENS AWAITING ARRAIGNMENT.
“(a) Establishment of Program.—Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1997], and subject to such amounts as are provided in appropriations Acts, the Attorney General shall establish and implement a program to identify, from among the individuals who are incarcerated in local governmental incarceration facilities prior to arraignment on criminal charges, those individuals who are within 1 or more of the following classes of deportable aliens:
“(b) Description of Program.—The program authorized by subsection (a) shall include—
“(1)
the detail, to each incarceration facility selected under subsection (c), of at least one employee of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service who has expertise in the identification of
aliens described in subsection (a); and
“(2) provision of funds sufficient to provide for—
“(A)
the detail of such employees to each selected facility on a full-time basis, including the portions of the day or night when the greatest number of individuals are incarcerated prior to arraignment;
“(B)
access for such employees to records of the
Service and other Federal law enforcement agencies that are necessary to identify such
aliens; and
“(C)
in the case of an individual identified as such an
alien, pre-arraignment reporting to the court regarding the
Service’s intention to remove the
alien from the
United States.
“(c) Selection of Facilities.—
“(1) In general.—The Attorney General shall select for participation in the program each incarceration facility that satisfies the following requirements:
“(A)
The facility is owned by the government of a local political subdivision described in clause (i) or (ii) of subparagraph (C).
“(B)
Such government has submitted a request for such selection to the
Attorney General.
“(C) The facility is located—
“(i)
in a county that is determined by the
Attorney General to have a high concentration of
aliens described in subsection (a); or
“(ii)
in a city, town, or other analogous local political subdivision, that is determined by the
Attorney General to have a high concentration of such
aliens (but only in the case of a facility that is not located in a county).
“(D)
The facility incarcerates or processes individuals prior to their arraignment on criminal charges.
“(2) Number of qualifying subdivisions.—For any fiscal year, the total number of local political subdivisions determined under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1)(C) to meet the standard in such clauses shall be the following:
“(A)
For fiscal year 1999, not less than 10 and not more than 25.
“(B)
For fiscal year 2000, not less than 25 and not more than 50.
“(C)
For fiscal year 2001, not more than 75.
“(D)
For fiscal year 2002, not more than 100.
“(E)
For fiscal year 2003 and subsequent fiscal years, 100, or such other number of political subdivisions as may be specified in appropriations Acts.
“(3) Facilities in interior states.—
For any fiscal year, of the local political subdivisions determined under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1)(C) to meet the standard in such clauses, not less than 20 percent shall be in
States that are not contiguous to a land border.
“(4) Treatment of certain facilities.—
All of the incarceration facilities within the county of Orange, California, and the county of Ventura, California, that are owned by the government of a local political subdivision, and satisfy the requirements of paragraph (1)(D), shall be selected for participation in the program.
“SEC. 2. STUDY AND REPORT.“Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1997], the Attorney General shall complete a study, and submit a report to the Congress, concerning the logistical and technological feasibility of implementing the program under section 1 in a greater number of locations than those selected under such section through—
“(1)
the assignment of a single Immigration and
Naturalization Service employee to more than 1 incarceration facility; and
“(2)
the development of a system to permit the
Attorney General to conduct off-site verification, by computer or other electronic means, of the immigration status of individuals who are incarcerated in local governmental incarceration facilities prior to arraignment on criminal charges.”
Criminal Alien Tracking Center
Pub. L. 103–322, title XIII, § 130002, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2023, as amended by Pub. L. 104–132, title IV, § 432, Apr. 24, 1996, 110 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title III, §§ 308(g)(5)(B), 326, 327, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–623, 3009–630, provided that:
“(a) Operation and Purpose.—
The
Commissioner of Immigration and
Naturalization shall, under the authority of section 236(d) of the
Immigration and Nationality Act [
8 U.S.C. 1226(d)] operate a criminal
alien identification system. The criminal
alien identification system shall be used to assist Federal,
State, and local law enforcement agencies in identifying and locating
aliens who may be subject to removal by reason of their
conviction of aggravated felonies, subject to prosecution under section 275 of such Act [
8 U.S.C. 1325], not lawfully present in the
United States, or otherwise removable. Such system shall include providing for recording of fingerprint records of
aliens who have been previously arrested and removed into appropriate automated fingerprint identification systems.
“(b) Authorization of Appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
“(1)
$3,400,000 for fiscal year 1996; and
“(2)
$5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1997 through 2001.”