SUMKA (partiya)

Eron milliy sotsialistik ishchilar partiyasi (forscha: حزب سوسیالیست ملی کارگران ایران), SUMKA qisqartma (forscha: سومکا) nomi bilan mashhur^[1]^[2]. Erondagi neonatsistlar^[3] partiyasi. Partiyaning ramzi Faravahar^[4].

Tashkil etilishi

Partiya 1951-yilda Dovud Monshizoda^[5] tomonidan tuzilgan. Ushbu partiya Eron universitetlarida kichik bazalarga ega boʻlgan. Shoh Muhammad Rizo Pahlaviyning tanqidchilari daʼvolariga koʻra u bir paytlar SUMKAni bevosita moliyalashtirgan^[6].

Rivojlanishi

Monshizoda 1952-yilda Morteza Kossarian bilan birga SUMKAni tuzgan^[7]. Monshizoda 1937-yildan beri Germaniyada yashab kelgan va Berlin jangida qatnashib yaralangan sobiq SS aʼzosi boʻlgan. Kiev va Stalingrad janglarida qatnashgan va yaralangan. Monshizade Myunxendagi Lyudvig Maksimilian universiteti professori ham boʻlgan. Xose Ortega Gasset falsafasiga juda qiziqqan. SUMKA qisqa vaqt ichida Erondagi yosh millatchilarni, keyinchalik mamlakatda mashhur boʻlgan Doriush Homayyunni oʻz safiga qoʻshdi^[8]. SUMKAning formalarida svastika va qora koʻylakdan foydalanilgan^[8]^[9].

Ular qisqa vaqtda Muhammad Musaddiq hukumatiga qatʼiy qarshilik koʻrsatgan holda muxolifat tashkil etishgan. 1953-yilda ushbu partiya azolari Muhammad Rizo Pahlaviy saroyi tomon yoʻl olgan zohidiy tarafdorlarining katta qismini tashkil qilgan. Ular Mossaddiqni hokimiyatdan agʻdarish talabi bilan yurishgan^[10]. Partiya Mossadegh va Tudeh partiyasi tarafdorlariga qarshi koʻchalarda zoʻravonliklar uyushtirishgan.

Guruhi hamle

Partiyada Hujum guruhi (guruhi hamle) deb atalgan guruh ham mavjud boʻlgan. Bu guruh Eronning kommunistik Tude partiyasi aʼzolariga, Tehrondagi Sovet madaniyat markazi va Vengriya savdo idorasiga hujum uyushtirgan. Guruh azolari soni 100 nafarni tashkil qilgan. Eron Harbiy-havo kuchlarining isteʼfodagi ofitseri polkovnik Fateh boʻlinmani tayyorlash uchun mas’ul boʻlgan.

Moddiy manbalari

Polkovnik Fateh SUMKAning rasmiy homiysi boʻlgan. 1953-yili Erondagi davlat toʻntarishidan soʻng politsiya va boshqa xavfsizlik idoralaridan oylik 2500 Eron riali miqdorida moliyaviy koʻmak olib turgan. 1958-yilda Monshizoda AQShga borish uchun SAVAKdan (Davlat Razvedka Xizmati) 7000 AQSh dollari olgan. Partiyani Eronda joylashgan xorijiy elchixonalar moliyalashtirgan boʻlishi mumkin degan taxminlar ham mavjud. 1952-yil aprel oyida Eron politsiyasi Monshizoda moliyaviy yordam olish uchun Britaniya elchixonasi bilan aloqa oʻrnatishga intilayotgani haqida xabar bergan^[11].

Hozirgi kunda

Eronda hozirgi kunda neonatsist partiyalarining faoliyati faol emas, ammo natsizm tarafdorlari Eronda mavjud. Bunday toifadagilar asosan Internetda SUMKA kabi guruhlarning faoliyatini qayta tiklash gʻoyalarini olgʻa surgan holda chatlarda faol^[12]^[13].

Galereya

SUMKA – Eron yoshlari filiali.
SUMKA – jangchilar guruhi.
SUMKA – Texnik taʼminot.
Liderning emblemasi.

SUMKA aʼzolari uchun yagona boʻlgan forma.
Davud Monshizoda SUMKA aʼzolari bilan.

Manbalar

↑ Rahnema, Ali. Behind the 1953 Coup in Iran: Thugs, Turncoats, Soldiers, and Spooks. Cambridge University Press, 2015 — 54-bet. ISBN 978-1316123874. „SUMKA was the abbreviation for Sosiyalist Melli Kargaran Iran, or Iran's Nationalist Socialist Workers Party. This was a fascist organization founded in April 1951 by Davud Monshizadeh.“
↑ Amanat, Abbas. Iran: A Modern History. Yale University Press, 2017 — 535-bet. ISBN 978-0300231465. „Sumka was a small but openly fascist party that in every respect fashioned itself after the defunct German Nationalist Socialist Party.“
↑ Dabashi, Hamid. Persophilia: Persian Culture on the Global Scene. Harvard University Press, 2015 — 106-bet. ISBN 9780674504691.
↑ „Historical Flags of Our Ancestors – Flags of Extremism – Part 3 (O-z)“.
↑ MONCHI-ZADEH, DAVOUD.
↑ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein, p. 62
↑ Monshizadeh, Davud. Fight With Evil Series One: Principles of the Second Office Eagle.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein, p. 62
↑ Homa Katouzian, Musaddiq and the Struggle for Power in Iran, I. B. Tauris, 1990, p. 89
↑ Mark J. Gasiorowski, 'The 1953 Coup D’etat in Iranʼ, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol.
↑ Mark J. Gasiorowski „The 1953 Coup d’État Against Mosaddeq“, . Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran Mark J. Gasiorowski: . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2004 — 233-bet. ISBN 978-0-8156-3017-3.
↑ Maryam Sinaiee (24 November 2010), „Iranian ministry denies authorising neo-Nazi website“, The National, 9 October 2017da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 5 October 2017
↑ Lorena Galliot (18 November 2010), „Who's behind the 'Association of Iranian Nazis'“, France 24, 3 October 2017da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 5 October 2017

[1] Rahnema, Ali. Behind the 1953 Coup in Iran: Thugs, Turncoats, Soldiers, and Spooks. Cambridge University Press, 2015 — 54-bet. ISBN 978-1316123874. „SUMKA was the abbreviation for Sosiyalist Melli Kargaran Iran, or Iran's Nationalist Socialist Workers Party. This was a fascist organization founded in April 1951 by Davud Monshizadeh.“

[2] Amanat, Abbas. Iran: A Modern History. Yale University Press, 2017 — 535-bet. ISBN 978-0300231465. „Sumka was a small but openly fascist party that in every respect fashioned itself after the defunct German Nationalist Socialist Party.“

[3] Dabashi, Hamid. Persophilia: Persian Culture on the Global Scene. Harvard University Press, 2015 — 106-bet. ISBN 9780674504691.

[4] „Historical Flags of Our Ancestors – Flags of Extremism – Part 3 (O-z)“.

[5] MONCHI-ZADEH, DAVOUD.

[Fardust-6] Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein, p. 62

[7] Monshizadeh, Davud. Fight With Evil Series One: Principles of the Second Office Eagle.

[Fardust2-8] 8,0 ^8,1 Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty: Memoirs of Former General Hussein, p. 62

[9] Homa Katouzian, Musaddiq and the Struggle for Power in Iran, I. B. Tauris, 1990, p. 89

[10] Mark J. Gasiorowski, 'The 1953 Coup D’etat in Iranʼ, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol.

[11] Mark J. Gasiorowski „The 1953 Coup d’État Against Mosaddeq“, . Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran Mark J. Gasiorowski: . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2004 — 233-bet. ISBN 978-0-8156-3017-3.

[12] Maryam Sinaiee (24 November 2010), „Iranian ministry denies authorising neo-Nazi website“, The National, 9 October 2017da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 5 October 2017

[13] Lorena Galliot (18 November 2010), „Who's behind the 'Association of Iranian Nazis'“, France 24, 3 October 2017da asl nusxadan arxivlandi, qaraldi: 5 October 2017

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