Akamprosat

Akamprosat, alkol kullanım bozukluğunun tedavisinde danışmanlıkla birlikte kullanılan bir ilaçtır.^[1]^[2]

Akamprosatın, alkol yoksunluğu nedeniyle bozulacak olan beyindeki kimyasal sinyalleri stabilize ettiği düşünülmektedir.^[3] Akamprosat tek başına kullanıldığında çoğu kişide alkol kullanım bozukluğu için etkili bir tedavi değildir;^[4] araştırmalar, akamprosatın psikososyal destekle birlikte kullanıldığında en iyi sonucu verdiğini, çünkü ilacın alkol tüketiminin azaltılmasını ve tam olarak alkolden uzak durulmasını kolaylaştırdığını bulmuştur.^[2]^[5]^[6]

Ciddi yan etkiler arasında alerjik reaksiyonlar, anormal kalp ritimleri ve düşük veya yüksek tansiyon yer alırken, daha az ciddi yan etkiler arasında baş ağrısı, uykusuzluk ve iktidarsızlık yer alır.^[7] İshal en sık görülen yan etkidir.^[8] Hamilelik sırasında kullanımın güvenli olup olmadığı belirsizdir.^[9]^[10]

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün Temel İlaçlar Listesi'nde yer almaktadır.^[11]

Kaynakça

^ "Campral label" (PDF). FDA. January 2012. 27 Şubat 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2017. For label updates see FDA index page for NDA 021431 27 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
^ ^a ^b "Acamprosate: A Review of Its Use in Alcohol Dependence". Drugs. 75 (11): 1255-1268. July 2015. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0423-9. PMID 26084940.
^ "Medications for treating alcohol dependence". American Family Physician. 72 (9): 1775-1780. November 2005. PMID 16300039. 29 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Kasım 2006.
^ "Chapter 16: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience. 3rd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2015. ISBN 9780071827706. It has been hypothesized that long-term ethanol exposure alters the expression or activity of specific GABAA receptor subunits in discrete brain regions. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, ethanol-induced decreases in GABAA receptor sensitivity are believed to contribute to ethanol tolerance, and also may mediate some aspects of physical dependence on ethanol. ... Detoxification from ethanol typically involves the administration of benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide, which exhibit cross-dependence with ethanol at GABAA receptors (Chapters 5 and 15). A dose that will prevent the physical symptoms associated with withdrawal from ethanol, including tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, agitation, and seizures, is given and is slowly tapered. Benzodiazepines are used because they are less reinforcing than ethanol among alcoholics. Moreover, the tapered use of a benzodiazepine with a long half-life makes the emergence of withdrawal symptoms less likely than direct withdrawal from ethanol. ... Unfortunately, acamprosate is not adequately effective for most alcoholics.
^ "Treatment of alcohol-dependent outpatients with acamprosate: a clinical review". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 62 (Suppl 20): 42-48. 2001. PMID 11584875.
^ "Doing it by numbers: a simple approach to reducing the harms of alcohol". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28 (1): 3-7. January 2014. doi:10.1177/0269881113512038. PMID 24399337.
^ "Acamprosate". drugs.com. 25 Mart 2005. 22 Aralık 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Ocak 2007.
^ "Acamprosate. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in the management of alcohol dependence after detoxification". Drugs. 53 (6): 1038-1053. June 1997. doi:10.2165/00003495-199753060-00008. PMID 9179530.
^ "Acamprosate (Campral) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com (İngilizce). 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Ekim 2023.
^ "Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol Problems" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. 20 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2023.
^ The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Cenevre: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.

[USlabel-1] "Campral label" (PDF). FDA. January 2012. 27 Şubat 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 27 Kasım 2017. For label updates see FDA index page for NDA 021431 27 Ağustos 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

[Plo2015-2] "Acamprosate: A Review of Its Use in Alcohol Dependence". Drugs. 75 (11): 1255-1268. July 2015. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0423-9. PMID 26084940.

[americanfamilyphysician-3] "Medications for treating alcohol dependence". American Family Physician. 72 (9): 1775-1780. November 2005. PMID 16300039. 29 Eylül 2007 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Kasım 2006.

[NHMH_3e-Ethanol_addiction_and_GABAA_receptors3-4] "Chapter 16: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience. 3rd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2015. ISBN 9780071827706. It has been hypothesized that long-term ethanol exposure alters the expression or activity of specific GABAA receptor subunits in discrete brain regions. Regardless of the underlying mechanism, ethanol-induced decreases in GABAA receptor sensitivity are believed to contribute to ethanol tolerance, and also may mediate some aspects of physical dependence on ethanol. ... Detoxification from ethanol typically involves the administration of benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide, which exhibit cross-dependence with ethanol at GABAA receptors (Chapters 5 and 15). A dose that will prevent the physical symptoms associated with withdrawal from ethanol, including tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, agitation, and seizures, is given and is slowly tapered. Benzodiazepines are used because they are less reinforcing than ethanol among alcoholics. Moreover, the tapered use of a benzodiazepine with a long half-life makes the emergence of withdrawal symptoms less likely than direct withdrawal from ethanol. ... Unfortunately, acamprosate is not adequately effective for most alcoholics.

[Mason2001-5] "Treatment of alcohol-dependent outpatients with acamprosate: a clinical review". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 62 (Suppl 20): 42-48. 2001. PMID 11584875.

[Nutt2014-6] "Doing it by numbers: a simple approach to reducing the harms of alcohol". Journal of Psychopharmacology. 28 (1): 3-7. January 2014. doi:10.1177/0269881113512038. PMID 24399337.

[7] "Acamprosate". drugs.com. 25 Mart 2005. 22 Aralık 2006 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 8 Ocak 2007.

[8] "Acamprosate. A review of its pharmacology and clinical potential in the management of alcohol dependence after detoxification". Drugs. 53 (6): 1038-1053. June 1997. doi:10.2165/00003495-199753060-00008. PMID 9179530.

[9] "Acamprosate (Campral) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com (İngilizce). 28 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 13 Ekim 2023.

[10] "Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol Problems" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. 20 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF). Erişim tarihi: 20 Şubat 2023.

[WHO23rd-11] The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023). Cenevre: World Health Organization. 2023. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02.

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