Mineral Species sorted by the element Th Thorium

Thorium (Th ) by %

**Thorium (Th) Element Properties**
Atomic Mass	232.0381
Atomic Number	90
Name Origins	Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war.
Year Discovered	1815
Discovery Credits	J. J Berzelisu at Stockholm, Sweden..
Remarks	Radioactive silvery metal. Metal protected by oxide coating. Attached by steam and slowly by acids. Metal itself is soft an ductile but alloys can be strong. Used in refractory materials, nuclear fuel elements, and incandescent gas mantles. Diagnostic tests: Thorium is usually detected by radioactivity (due, in part, to the daughter elements such as radium). Uranium is also naturally radioactive; however, many uranium minerals are generally yellow or green and fluorescent, so if not, then suspect Th. Any radioactive mineral with a negative reaction to uranium tests is probably thorium. Thorium is usually associated with the rare earth elements and use complicated schemes to identify the element. Basically, the rare earths and thorium are precipitated as hydroxides from acid solutions. The precipitate is dissolved in HCl and precipitated as insoluble oxalates, washed, filtered and ignited to the oxides. The oxide is dissolved in H₂SO₄ and ignited to dryness. Dissolve the sulphates in water and precipitate Th using boiling sodium thiosulfate solution. Repeat the thiosulfate step if necessary to eliminate excess Ce, Zr, and Hf. Infusible thorium minerals glow with exaggerated incandescence in the flame test (along with Sr, Mg, Zr, Zn, Ca - the "lime light effect").
References	Emsley, J., 1991; THE ELEMENTS : Sec. Ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 251 p.
See Also	WebElements, ChemiCool

**Naturally Occurring Isotopes**
Symbol	Isotope Mass	Isotope Nuclide Number	Isotope Number	Natural Abundance	Half-life	Half-life Units	Decay Mode	Decay Mode MeV	Decay Mode %
Th	228.028715	228	90	0.0001%	1.919	Years	alpha	5.520	100.00%
Th	229.031755	229	90	0.0000%	7,300	Years	alpha	5.168	100.00%
Th	230.033127	230	90	0.0001%	75,400	Years	alpha	4.771	100.00%
Th	231.036298	231	90	0.0001%	25.2	Hours	beta -	0.389	100.00%
Th	232.038054	232	90	100.000%	1.4x10¹⁰	Years	alpha	4.081	100.00%
Th	234.036593	234	90	0.0001%	24.1	Days	beta -	0.270	100.00%

Mineral Species sorted by the element Th (Thorium )

Click Here for Mineral Species Sorted By Mineral Name

%Th	Mineral Name	Chemical Formula	MW
87.88%Th	Thorianite	ThO2	264.04
72.13%Th	Thorogummite	Th(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x	321.72
71.59%Th	Huttonite	ThSiO4	324.12
71.59%Th	Thorite	ThSiO4	324.12
50.22%Th	Brabantite ?	CaTh(PO4)2	462.06
45.57%Th	Thorbastnasite	Th(Ca,Ce)(CO3)2F2•3(H2O)	509.19
43.73%Th	Grayite	(Th,Pb,Ca)PO4•(H2O)	318.38
31.55%Th	Brockite	(Ca,Th,Ce)(PO4)•(H2O)	220.66
29.73%Th	Cerianite-(Ce)	(Ce++++,Th)O2	195.09
29.29%Th	Thorosteenstrupine	(Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F•6(H2O)	712.88
29.02%Th	Cheralite-(Ce) ?	(Ce,Ca,Th)(P,Si)O4	239.85
27.79%Th	Yttrialite-(Y)	(Y,Th)2Si2O7	417.54
27.08%Th	Ekanite	ThCa2Si8O20	856.87
25.29%Th	Steacyite	K1-x(Ca,Na)2ThSi8O20(x=0.2to0.4)	825.70
23.79%Th	Tuliokite	BaNa6Th(CO3)6•6(H2O)	975.45
23.75%Th	Thorutite	(Th,U,Ca)Ti2(O,OH)6	390.82
21.11%Th	Turkestanite !	Th(Ca,Na)2(K1-x,[]x)Si8O20•n(H2O)	879.42
20.41%Th	Thornasite	Na12Th3[Si8O19]4•18(H2O)	3,410.96
19.29%Th	Eylettersite	(Th,Pb)1-xAl3(PO4,SiO4)2(OH)6(?)	481.10
18.38%Th	Umbozerite	Na3Sr4ThSi8(O,OH)24	1,262.17
18.25%Th	Britholite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca,Th,La,Nd)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)	762.67
15.73%Th	Monazite-(Sm) !	SmPO4	221.25
14.16%Th	Ciprianiite !	Ca4[(Th,U)(REE)]2(Al,[])2[Si4B4O22](OH,F)2	1,032.51
11.33%Th	Nioboaeschynite-(Y) !	[(Y,REE),Ca,Th,Fe](Nb,Ti,Ta)2(O,OH)6	368.70
9.94%Th	Iraqite-(La)	K(La,Ce,Th)2(Ca,Na)4(Si,Al)16O40	1,634.63
9.31%Th	Arapovite !	(U,Th)(Ca,Na)2(K1-x[]x)Si8O20•H2O,x=0.5	897.66
9.29%Th	Samarskite-(Yb) !	(Yb,Y,REE,U,Th,Ca,Fe++)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4	312.29
9.08%Th	Vicanite-(Ce)	(Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As+++++(As+++0.5,Na0.5)Fe+++Si6B4O40F7	2,554.77
8.42%Th	Kukharenkoite-(La) !	Ba2(La,Ce)(CO3)3F	605.99
8.16%Th	Kivuite ?	(Th,Ca,Pb)H2(UO2)4(PO4)2(OH)8•7(H2O)	1,706.20
8.04%Th	Althupite	ThAl(UO2)7(PO4)4(OH)5•15(H2O)	2,884.36
7.93%Th	Orthochevkinite *	(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)4(Fe++,Mg)2(Ti,Fe+++)3Si4O22	1,170.75
7.79%Th	Yttrocrasite-(Y)	(Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe+++)2(O,OH)6	298.05
7.53%Th	Saryarkite-(Y)	Ca(Y,Th)Al5(SiO4)2(PO4,SO4)2(OH)7•6(H2O)	924.75
6.22%Th	Polycrase-(Y)	(Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6	372.96
6.18%Th	Karnasurtite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe+++)(Si,P)2O7(OH)4•3(H2O)(?)	450.31
6.06%Th	Zirkelite	(Ca,Th,Ce)Zr(Ti,Nb)2O7	382.76
5.88%Th	Calciobetafite	Ca2(Ti,Nb)2(O,OH)7	394.30
5.58%Th	Uranopolycrase	(U,Y)(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6	415.77
5.31%Th	Yttrobetafite-(Y)	(Y,U,Ce)2(Ti,Nb,Ta)2O6(OH)	437.15
5.14%Th	Melanocerite-(Ce)	(Ce,Th,Ca)5(Si,B)3O12(OH,F)•n(H2O)(?)	903.06
5.11%Th	Piergorite-(Ce) !	Ca8Ce2(Al0.5 Fe+++0.5)([ ],Li,Be)2Si6B8O36(OH,F)2	1,498.89
4.84%Th	Monazite-(La)	(La,Ce,Nd)PO4	239.90
4.83%Th	Monazite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Nd,Th)PO4	240.21
4.82%Th	Monazite-(Nd)	(Nd,Ce,La)(P,Si)O4	240.72
4.59%Th	Menezesite !	Ba2MgZr4(BaNb12O42)•12H2O	2,778.48
4.42%Th	Tritomite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Ca,Y,Th)5(Si,B)3(O,OH,F)13	787.79
3.79%Th	Dissakisite-(La) !	(Ca,Fe++,Th,La)(La,REE,Ca)(Al,Cr,Ti)2(Mg,Fe,Al)Si3O12(OH,F)withLa>Ce	551.33
3.66%Th	Cervandonite-(Ce)	(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe+++,Fe++,Ti++++,Al)3(SiO7)1-x+y(AsO3)1+x-y(OH)3x-3y	634.48
3.61%Th	Zirconolite-3O	(Ca,Fe,Y,Th)2Fe(Ti,Nb)3Zr2O7	385.57
3.29%Th	Coutinhoite !	ThxBa1-2x(H2O)y(UO2)2Si5O13•H2O	2,118.94
3.20%Th	Sazhinite-(La) !	Na3La[Si6O15]•2(H2O)	652.93
3.02%Th	Bussyite-(Ce) !	(Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4	1,329.21
2.97%Th	Fersmite	(Ca,Ce,Na)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2(O,OH,F)6	390.96
2.30%Th	Mottanaite-(Ce) !	Ca4(Ce,Ca)2AlBe2[Si4B4O22]O2	1,007.13
1.93%Th	Chevkinite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Ca,Th)4(Fe++,Mg)2(Ti,Fe+++)3Si4O22	1,205.27
1.85%Th	Polyakovite-(Ce) !	(Ce,La,Nd,Pr,Ca)4(Mg,Fe++)(Cr,Fe+++)2(Ti,Nb)2Si4O22	1,255.42
1.85%Th	Steenstrupine-(Ce)	Na14Ce6Mn++Mn+++Fe++2(Zr,Th)(Si6O18)2(PO4)7•3(H2O)	3,142.39
1.66%Th	Okanoganite-(Y)	(Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14	2,660.88
1.51%Th	Fluorbritholite-(Ce)	(Ca,Ce,La,Na)5(SiO4,PO4)3(OH,F)	769.69
1.31%Th	Fluorcalciobritholite !	(Ca,REE)5[(Si,P)O4]3F	710.23
1.04%Th	Ilimaussite-(Ce)	(Ba,Na)10K3Na4.5Ce5(Nb,Ti)6[Si12O36][Si9O18(O,OH)24]O6	4,253.30
0.97%Th	Perrierite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Ca)4(Fe++,Mg)2(Ti,Fe+++)3Si4O22	1,201.74
0.86%Th	Proshchenkoite-(Y) !	(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe++Ca(P,Si)Si6B3(O,F)48	2,711.51
0.78%Th	Lakargiite !	CaZrO3	177.87
0.74%Th	Iwashiroite-(Y) !	YTaO4	313.16
0.55%Th	Yakovenchukite-(Y) !	K3NaCaY2(Si12O30)•4H2O	1,256.79
0.40%Th	Uedaite-(Ce) !	Mn++CeAl2Fe++(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)	584.87
0.27%Th	Kuannersuite-(Ce) !	Ba6Na2REE2(PO4)6FCl	1,704.53
0.25%Th	Allanite-(La) !	Ca(REE,Ca)Al2(Fe++,Fe+++)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)	557.74
0.19%Th	Dingdaohengite-(Ce) !	(Ce,La)4Fe++(Ti,Fe++,Mg,Fe+++)2Ti2Si4O22	1,237.85

(* - Mineral Name Is Not IMA Approved)
(! - New Dana classification added or changed from Danas New Mineralogy)
(? - IMA Discredited Mineral Species Name)

There are 71 minerals with Th in the Mineralogy Database.

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Mineral Species containing Thorium (Th )

Thorium (Th ) by %

Mineral Species sorted by the element Th (Thorium )