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- The fast track authority for brokering trade agreements is the authority of the President of the United States to negotiate international agreements in an expedited manner and with limited congressional oversight. Renamed the trade promotion authority (TPA) in 2002, the TPA is an impermanent power granted by Congress to the President. It remained in effect from 1975 to 1994, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974 and from 2002 to 2007 pursuant to the Trade Act of 2002. Although it technically expired in July 2007, it remained in effect for agreements that were already under negotiation until their passage in 2011. In June 2015, a third renewal passed Congress and was signed into law by President Barack Obama. Under the TPA, the President's trade negotiations must follow guidelines and negotiating objectives set by Congress. If the negotiations follow the negotiating objectives, the implementing bill may pass Congress on a majority vote instead of the typically required two-thirds majorities. Congress may not amend or filibuster the implementing bill. The TPA is the mechanism used by the U.S. government to pass the North American Free Trade Agreement as well as other congressional-executive agreements. It has been praised for allowing the government to negotiate trade deals which would otherwise have been impossible to complete. However, it has also been criticized for usurping congressional powers and for lacking transparency. (en)
- 貿易促進権限(ぼうえきそくしんけんげん、英語: trade promotion authority;TPA)は、アメリカ合衆国における通商交渉における大統領権限であり、1990年代までは、ファスト・トラック権限(fast track authority、早期一括採決方式)と呼ばれていたもの。アメリカ合衆国議会への事前通告等の条件の元、一定の期間に限り、大統領が外国と締結した通商協定について、ファスト・トラック手続 (fast track procedure)で承認を行うものである。 (ja)
- 協商授權快速程序(英語:fast track negotiating authority),簡稱快速審批程序(英語:Fast-track)、快轨程序、快速道,2002年之後改稱貿易促進授權(英語:Trade promotion authority,縮寫為TPA),是美国国会給與美國總統進行某些國際性協議的蹉商特別授權,對於這些協議的結果,國會只能進行包裹審查與討論,表決是否接受,而不能修改其內容。這個權力由1974年貿易法案賦與,有效期限由1975年至1994年,2002年通過的2002年貿易法案重新恢復了這項權力,期限直到2007年7月1日午夜。 這個程序由國會發動,設定談判目標,之後賦與美國總統特別的蹉商授權,讓行政部門可以根據國會的要求,與其他國家進行談判,缔结(trade agreements)。在完成談判之後,國會快速決定是否接受。這個程序讓國會跟行政部門的立場一致,以減少協議失敗的可能性。但是要獲得這項特別授權,需要先在國會中進行繁複的討論,並不是每次都會成功。 (zh)
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- 貿易促進権限(ぼうえきそくしんけんげん、英語: trade promotion authority;TPA)は、アメリカ合衆国における通商交渉における大統領権限であり、1990年代までは、ファスト・トラック権限(fast track authority、早期一括採決方式)と呼ばれていたもの。アメリカ合衆国議会への事前通告等の条件の元、一定の期間に限り、大統領が外国と締結した通商協定について、ファスト・トラック手続 (fast track procedure)で承認を行うものである。 (ja)
- 協商授權快速程序(英語:fast track negotiating authority),簡稱快速審批程序(英語:Fast-track)、快轨程序、快速道,2002年之後改稱貿易促進授權(英語:Trade promotion authority,縮寫為TPA),是美国国会給與美國總統進行某些國際性協議的蹉商特別授權,對於這些協議的結果,國會只能進行包裹審查與討論,表決是否接受,而不能修改其內容。這個權力由1974年貿易法案賦與,有效期限由1975年至1994年,2002年通過的2002年貿易法案重新恢復了這項權力,期限直到2007年7月1日午夜。 這個程序由國會發動,設定談判目標,之後賦與美國總統特別的蹉商授權,讓行政部門可以根據國會的要求,與其他國家進行談判,缔结(trade agreements)。在完成談判之後,國會快速決定是否接受。這個程序讓國會跟行政部門的立場一致,以減少協議失敗的可能性。但是要獲得這項特別授權,需要先在國會中進行繁複的討論,並不是每次都會成功。 (zh)
- The fast track authority for brokering trade agreements is the authority of the President of the United States to negotiate international agreements in an expedited manner and with limited congressional oversight. Renamed the trade promotion authority (TPA) in 2002, the TPA is an impermanent power granted by Congress to the President. It remained in effect from 1975 to 1994, pursuant to the Trade Act of 1974 and from 2002 to 2007 pursuant to the Trade Act of 2002. Although it technically expired in July 2007, it remained in effect for agreements that were already under negotiation until their passage in 2011. In June 2015, a third renewal passed Congress and was signed into law by President Barack Obama. (en)
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- Fast track (trade) (en)
- 貿易促進権限 (ja)
- 快轨程序 (zh)
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