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- Eliakum Zunser (auch Eljakim Zunser, Elyakim Zunser geschrieben; jiddisch Eljokem Zunser, genannt Eljokem Badchn („Eljokem Bänkelsänger“); geboren 28. Oktober 1835 – nach anderen Quellen geboren 1836 oder auch 1840 – in Wilna; gestorben 22. September 1913 in New York) war ein russischer jiddischer Volkssänger. (de)
- Eliakum Zunser (Eliakim Badchen, Elikum Tsunzer) (October 28, 1840 – September 22, 1913) was a Lithuanian Jewish Yiddish-language poet, songwriter, and badchen who lived out the last part of his life in the U.S. A 1905 article in The New York Times lauded him as "the father of Yiddish poetry". About a quarter of his roughly 600 songs survive. He influenced and was influenced by Brody singer Velvel Zbarzher, although it is not believed that they ever met. Born in Vilna, he grew up poor and first worked braiding lace in Kovno, where he was associated with the devout, moralistic Musar movement of Rabbi Israel Salanter. Later, he was drawn to the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment, and adopted a more modern Orthodox Judaism that renounced superstition. Forcibly conscripted into the Russian Army just before his twentieth birthday, he was soon released due to Czar Alexander II's revocation of the harsh conscription law. The plight of Jewish draftees, or "cantonists" would be a major subject of his early poetry and songs. Sol Liptzin describes Zunser's songs as having "simple words and catchy tunes", singing of the "melancholy fate and few joys of the inarticulate masses" and writes that "his songs spread by word of mouth... until all Yiddish-speaking Jews were familiar with them". [Liptzin, 1972, 48] In 1861 he published a booklet of songs entitled Shirim Khadoshim, the first of about 50 publications in his lifetime. At this time, he was, in Liptzin's words, "primarily a Maskil"—a propagator of the Haskalah—"interested in instructing and aiding his people". However, his life took a tragic turn: not only did his wife die of cholera in the next decade, but all of their nine children as well, and he became, again quoting Liptzin, "a prophet of doom, admonishing his co-religionists not to venture too date along the alluring road of western enlightenment and assimilation..." [Liptzin, 1972, 49] When that doom came, in the form of the anti-Semitic reaction and pogrom after the assassination of Alexander II, he became again a comforter, as well as a Zionist, affiliated with the Hovevei Zion and Bilu pioneers, writing songs such as "Die Sokhe" ("The Plough") and "Shivath Zion" ("Homecoming to Zion"). Zunser emigrated to New York City in 1889, and worked as a printer. However, life in New York was not conducive to his muse, and he wrote little in the years after his arrival in America, mostly poems rather than songs. En route to the New World, he wrote the hopeful "Columbus and Washington"; once there, he followed this with the far more disillusioned "Dos Goldene Land" ("The Golden Land") and "Der Greener" ("The Greenhorn"). His Zionism continued in a song urging the Jewish people to give up peddling and become farmers. Zunser was saved from penury in his final years by a benefit performance on his behalf held at Cooper Union on March 30, 1905, which raised enough money to give him a pension. He died on September 22, 1913, and was buried in Washington Cemetery in Brooklyn. He was far from a singer. His voice was not musical. But the sad tone one heard within it, the beautiful Yiddish, the soulful melodies - these were matchless. — "Ale Verk", Band I, p. 18 (en)
- ḀEliakum Zunser, Eliakim Badchen o Elikum Tsunzer (Vilna, 28 de octubre de 1836 o 1840-Nueva York, 22 de septiembre de 1913) fue un comediante, folclorista y escritor lituano en yidis que vivió la última parte de su vida en Estados Unidos y a quien el New York Times definió como el "padre de la literatura yidis". Nacido en una familia pobre, empezó trabajando con encajes en Kovno, donde se coligó con el Rabino Yisroel Salanter y su movimiento del Musar. Más tarde se le relacionaría con la haskalá. Forzado a enrolarse al ejército ruso antes de su vigésimo cumpleaños, enseguida pudo salir por la revocación del zar Alejandro II de la ley de reclutamiento forzoso. El dilema de los reclutas judíos o "cantonistas" fue uno de los principales temas de sus poemas o canciones. En 1861 publicó su primer libro con 50 canciones Shirim Khadoshim. La siguiente década, su vida dio un giro trágico con el fallecimiento de su esposa y sus nueve hijos de cólera, y con la reacción antisemita y el pogromo tras el asesinato de Alejandro II. Volvió a ser un convencido sionista afiliado a Hovevei Zion y a Bilu. De esta época son sus canciones "Die Sokhe" ("El arado") o "Shivath Zion" ("Bienvenida a Sion"). Emigró a Nueva York en 1889 donde trabajó en una imprenta, pero su vida neoyorkina no fue muy favorable para sus musas y apenas escribió. En sus últimos días la asociación Cooper Union le consiguió una pensión. Falleció en 1913 y fue enterrado en el Washington Cemetery, Brooklyn. (es)
- Eliakum Zunser (Eliakim Badchen, Elikum Tsunzer), né le 28 octobre 1840 et décédé le 22 septembre 1913, est un poète, compositeur et badchen juif lituanien de langue yiddish, qui vécut la dernière partie de sa vie aux États-Unis. En 1905, un article du The New York Times lui rend hommage en le nommant père de la poésie yiddish. Seul un quart de ses quelque 600 chansons lui ont survécu. Il influença et fut influencé par les et , bien qu'il soit peu probable qu'ils se soient rencontrés. (fr)
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- Eliakum Zunser (auch Eljakim Zunser, Elyakim Zunser geschrieben; jiddisch Eljokem Zunser, genannt Eljokem Badchn („Eljokem Bänkelsänger“); geboren 28. Oktober 1835 – nach anderen Quellen geboren 1836 oder auch 1840 – in Wilna; gestorben 22. September 1913 in New York) war ein russischer jiddischer Volkssänger. (de)
- Eliakum Zunser (Eliakim Badchen, Elikum Tsunzer), né le 28 octobre 1840 et décédé le 22 septembre 1913, est un poète, compositeur et badchen juif lituanien de langue yiddish, qui vécut la dernière partie de sa vie aux États-Unis. En 1905, un article du The New York Times lui rend hommage en le nommant père de la poésie yiddish. Seul un quart de ses quelque 600 chansons lui ont survécu. Il influença et fut influencé par les et , bien qu'il soit peu probable qu'ils se soient rencontrés. (fr)
- Eliakum Zunser (Eliakim Badchen, Elikum Tsunzer) (October 28, 1840 – September 22, 1913) was a Lithuanian Jewish Yiddish-language poet, songwriter, and badchen who lived out the last part of his life in the U.S. A 1905 article in The New York Times lauded him as "the father of Yiddish poetry". About a quarter of his roughly 600 songs survive. He influenced and was influenced by Brody singer Velvel Zbarzher, although it is not believed that they ever met. — "Ale Verk", Band I, p. 18 (en)
- ḀEliakum Zunser, Eliakim Badchen o Elikum Tsunzer (Vilna, 28 de octubre de 1836 o 1840-Nueva York, 22 de septiembre de 1913) fue un comediante, folclorista y escritor lituano en yidis que vivió la última parte de su vida en Estados Unidos y a quien el New York Times definió como el "padre de la literatura yidis". Nacido en una familia pobre, empezó trabajando con encajes en Kovno, donde se coligó con el Rabino Yisroel Salanter y su movimiento del Musar. Más tarde se le relacionaría con la haskalá. (es)
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