- ———. 2018. Blockchain challenges and governance. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Notes from the Vault, July. atlantafed.org/cenfis/publications/ notesfromthevault/07-blockchain-challenges-and-governance-2018-07-30 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ———. 2019. Fractional reserve cryptocurrency banks. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Notes from the Vault, April. atlantafed.org/cenfis/publications/notesfromthevault/04-fractional-reservecryptocurrency -banks-2019-04-25 <accessed June 1, 2022>. 6/16/22 29 Wang, Dabao, Siwei Wu, Ziling Lin, Lei Wu, Xingliang Yuan, Yajin Zhou, Haoyu Wang, and Kui Ren. 2021. Towards understanding flash loan and its applications in defi ecosystem. April 21.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ———. 2021. Where do DeFi stablecoins go? A closer look at what DeFi composability really means. July 26. ssrn.com/abstract=3893487 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ———. 2021a. Why sharding is great: Demystifying the technical properties. April 7.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- ———. 2021b. Moving beyond coin voting governance. August 16.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Andresen, Gavin. 2013. Chain fork post-mortem. March 20. github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip0050. mediawiki <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- arxiv.org/pdf/1409.0264.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- arxiv.org/pdf/2003.03810.pdf?ref=https://githubhelp.com <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- arxiv.org/pdf/2010.12252.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. 2022. Money and payments: The U.S. dollar in the age of digital transformation. January. federalreserve.gov/publications/files/money-andpayments -20220120.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Budish, Eric. 2018. The economic limits of bitcoin and the blockchain. National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. w24717.
- Buterin, Vitalik. 2020. Credible neutrality as a guiding principle. January 3. nakamoto.com/credibleneutrality <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Centieiro, Henrique. 2021. Bitcoin proof of work—The only article you will ever have to read. May 20. levelup.gitconnected.com/bitcoin-proof-of-work-the-only-article-you-will-ever-have-to-read4a1fcd76a294 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Chainalysis. 2022. Crypto crime trends for 2022: Illicit transaction activity reaches all-time high in value, all-time low in share of all cryptocurrency activity. January 6.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Clear Chain Capital. 2021. The current state of undercollateralized DeFi lending. July 2. medium.com/coinmonks/the-current-state-of-undercollateralized-defi-lending-20211f84e14527b5 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Copeland, Tim. 2021. Hacker shows how he “51% attacked” Ethereum clone CheapETH for $100. May 17. theblockcrypto.com/linked/105030/hacker-shows-how-he-51-attacked-ethereum-clonecheapeth -for-100 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Cryptopedia Staff. 2021. Blockchain consensus mechanisms beyond PoW and PoS. December 3.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Dalton, Mike. 2022. Build finance DAO suffers governance takeover attack. February 15.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Drinhausen, Katja, and Vincent Brussee. 2021. China’s social credit system in 2021. March 3. merics.org/sites/default/files/202103 /MERICS%20ChinaMonitor%2067%20Social%20Credit%20System%20final%20%281%29.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>. 6/16/22 27 Fadilpašić, Sead. 2021. Total value locked in DeFi is a “deceptively complicated metric.”July 28. cryptonews.com/news/total-value-locked-in-defi-is-a-deceptively-complicated-metr-11231.htm <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Fang, Lily Hua. 2005. Investment bank reputation and the price and quality of underwriting services.
- Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review, second quarter. research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/2021/02/05/decentralized-finance-on-blockchainand -smart-contract-based-financial-markets <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Gogel, D. 2021. DeFi beyond the hype: The emerging world of decentralized finance. May.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Harvey, Campbell R., Ashwin Ramachandran, and Joseph Santoro. 2021. DeFi and the future of finance.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- infosecon.net/workshop/downloads/2002/pdf/49.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Johnson, Travis L., and Nathan Swem. 2019. Reputation and investor activism: A structural approach.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Kiayias, Aggelos, and Philip Lazos. 2022. SoK: Blockchain governance. arxiv.org/pdf/2201.07188.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Lalley, Steven P., and E. Glen Weyl. 2019. Nash Equilibria for Quadratic Voting. July 18.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Makarov, Igor, and Antoinette Schoar. 2022. Cryptocurrencies and decentralized finance (DeFi). National Bureau of Economic Research working paper no. w30006. nber.org/papers/w30006 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Mohan, Vijay. 2020. Automated market makers and decentralized exchanges: A DeFi primer. October 30. ssrn.com/abstract=3722714 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3722714 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
- Naghizadeh, Parinaz, and Mingyan Liu. 2016. Opting out of incentive mechanisms: A study of security as a non-excludable public good. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 11, no.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Nakamoto, Satoshi. 2008. Bitcoin: A peer-to-peer electronic cash system. October 31.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Nicolle, Emily. 2022. Crypto secrecy makes DeFi a financial felon’s wonderland. January 27. bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-27/crypto-s-cloak-of-anonymity-makes-defi-awonderland -for-felon <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Poon, Joseph, and Thaddeus Dryja. 2016. The bitcoin lightning network: Scalable off-chain instant payments. January 14. lightning.network/lightning-network-paper.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Popper, Nathaniel. 2021. Lost passwords lock millionaires out of their bitcoin fortunes. New York Times, January 12. nytimes.com/2021/01/12/technology/bitcoin-passwords-wallets-fortunes.html <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. 2021. Report on stablecoins. November. home.treasury.gov/system/files/136/ StableCoinReport_Nov1_508.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>. 6/16/22 28 Qin, Kaihua, Liyi Zhou, and Arthur Gervais. 2021. Quantifying blockchain extractable value: How dark is the forest? December 10, arxiv.org/pdf/2101.05511.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Qin, Kaihua, Liyi Zhou, Benjamin Livshits, and Arthur Gervais. 2021. Attacking the Defi ecosystem with flash loans for fun and profit. March 20.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Qin, Kaihua, Liyi Zhou, Yaroslav Afonin, Ludovico Lazzaretti, and Arthur Gervais. 2021. CeFi vs. DeFi— Comparing Centralized to Decentralized Finance. June 16. arxiv.org/pdf/2106.08157.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
- Roberds, Will. 2022. Unstable coins: The early history of central bank analog currencies. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Policy Hub, February. doi.org/10.29338/ph2022-2 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Saengchote, Kanis. 2022. Decentralized lending and its users: Insights from compound. February 20.
Schär, Fabian. 2021. Decentralized finance: On blockchain-and smart contract-based financial markets.
- Spalding, Tyler. 2021. Flexa: The pure-digital payments network. October 6.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Szabo, N. 1997. Formalizing and securing relationships on public networks. First Monday 2, vol. 9.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Tasca, Paolo. 2019. Token-based business models. In Disrupting Finance: Fintech and Strategy in the 21st Century. Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies. library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/23126/1007030.pdf?sequence=1#page=154 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Varian, Hal. 2004. System reliability and free riding. November 30.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- vitalik.ca/general/2021/08/16/voting3.html <accessed June 1, 2022>. . Carter, Nic, and Linda Jeng. 2021. DeFi protocol risks: The paradox of DeFi. In Regtech, Suptech and Beyond: Innovation and Technology in Financial Services, RiskBooks.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Wall, Larry D. 2016. “Smart contracts” in a complex world. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Notes from the Vault, June. atlantafed.org/cenfis/publications/ notesfromthevault/1607 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Werner, Sam M., Daniel Perez, Lewis Gudgeon, Ariah Klages-Mundt, Dominik Harz, and William J. Knottenbelt. 2021. Sok: Decentralized finance (defi). arxiv.org/pdf/2101.08778.pdf <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Worah, Aditya. 2019. Bitcoin could have died in 2010—But Satoshi Nakamoto’s hard fork saved it! January 14. cryptoground.com/a/bitcoin-could-have-died-2010-satoshi-nakamoto-hard-fork <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
Xu, Jiahua, and Nikhil Vadgama. 2022. From banks to DeFi: The evolution of the lending market.
- Zhang, Shijie, and Jong-Hyouk Lee. 2020. Analysis of the main consensus protocols of blockchain. ICT Express 6, no. 2: 93–7. doi.org/10.1016/j.icte.2019.08.001 <accessed June 1, 2022>.
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now
- Zimmer, Ben. 2021. “Fungible”: The idea in the middle of the NFT sensation. Wall Street Journal, April 16. wsj.com/articles/fungible-the-idea-in-the-middle-of-the-nft-sensation-11618595061 <accessed June 1, 2022>. 6/16/22 30 APPENDIX Tables & Figures
Paper not yet in RePEc: Add citation now