Tazama chanzo cha Abdulrazak Gurnah

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[[Picha:Tuzo Nobel.png|left|80px]]
[[picha:AbulrazakGurnahHebronPanel.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|Abdulrazak Gurnah]]
'''Abdulrazak Gurnah Al Kindi''' (amezaliwa [[Zanzibar]], [[20 Desemba]] [[1948]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Loimeier|first=Manfred|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G0vvDAAAQBAJ|title=Metzler Lexikon Weltliteratur: Band 2: G–M|date=2016-08-30|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-476-00129-0|editor-last=Ruckaberle|editor-first=Axel|pages=82–83|language=de|chapter=Gurnah, Abdulrazak|access-date=7 October 2021|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007151643/https://books.google.com/books?id=G0vvDAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> ) ni [[mwandishi]] mwenye asili ya Zanzibar aliyeishi nchini [[Uingereza]] tangu mwaka 1968. Huko anafundisha katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Kent]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[1982]]. 

Tangu mwaka wa [[1987]] alitolea [[riwaya]] kadhaa kwa lugha ya [[Kiingereza]]. Mwaka [[2021]] alipewa [[tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]]<ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2021/summary/</ref><ref>https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2021/press-release/</ref>.

==Maisha yake==
Abdulrazak Gurnah alizaliwa katika [[Usultani wa Zanzibar]], ambao kwa sasa ni sehemu ya [[Tanzania]].<ref name="king2004">{{Cite book|last=King|first=Bruce|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordenglishlit0013unse|title=The Oxford English Literary History|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=978-0-19-957538-1|editor-last=Bate|editor-first=Jonathan|volume=13|location=Oxford|pages=336|oclc=49564874|editor-last2=Burrow|editor-first2=Colin|url-access=registration}}</ref> Alifika [[Uingereza]] mwaka 1968 baada ya kukimbia [[Zanzibar]] kutokana na machafuko yaliyowalenga watu wenye asili ya Kiarabu wakati wa [[Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar]]. <ref name="flood2021">{{Cite news|date=2021-10-07|last=Flood|first=Alison|title=Abdulrazak Gurnah wins the 2021 Nobel prize in literature|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/oct/07/abdulrazak-gurnah-wins-the-2021-nobel-prize-in-literature|access-date=2021-10-07|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en|archive-date=7 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007122935/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/oct/07/abdulrazak-gurnah-wins-the-2021-nobel-prize-in-literature|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-10-07|title=Nobel Literature Prize 2021: Abdulrazak Gurnah named winner|language=en-GB|work=[[BBC News]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58828947|access-date=2021-10-07}}</ref> Gurnah amewahi kusema, 'Nilikuja Uingereza wakati ambao maneno kama "asylum-seeker" hayakuwa yakitumika sana kama wakati huu, watu wengi zaidi wanateseka na kukimbia nchi za kigaidi.'<ref>BBC (October 7, 2021) [https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-58828947 Nobel Literature Prize 2021: Abdulrazak Gurnah named winner] Retrieved 7 October, 2021</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Prono|first=Luca|date=2005|title=Abdulrazak Gurnah - Literature|url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/abdulrazak-gurnah|access-date=2021-10-07|publisher=[[British Council]]|archive-date=3 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803094503/https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/abdulrazak-gurnah|url-status=live}}</ref>

Alipofika Uingereza alianza kusoma kwenye Chuo cha Christ Church College, [[Canterbury]], baadaye akahamia Chuo Kikuu cha Kent alipopata [[shahada ya uzamili]] katika [[fasihi]] mnamo [[1982]]. [[Tasnia]] yake ilikuwa kuhusu ''Criteria in the Criticism of West African Fiction''. 

Kuanzia mwaka [[1980]] hadi [[1983]], Gurnah alifundisha kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bayero]] mjini [[Kano]], [[Nigeria]]. Akarudi Uingereza akawa [[profesa]] wa fasihi hadi alipostaafu <ref>Flood, Alison (7 October 2021). "[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/oct/07/abdulrazak-gurnah-wins-the-2021-nobel-prize-in-literature Abdulrazak Gurnah wins the 2021 Nobel prize in literature]". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2021. Retrieved 7 October 2021.</ref>.

== Kazi zake ==
[[Hadithi]] nyingi zilizosimuliwa na Gurnah zinaonyesha [[mazingira]] ya [[pwani]] ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki]], na [[wahusika]] wakuu wa riwaya zake ni wenyeji wa [[Unguja]]. Mhakiki wa fasihi Bruce King aliona kwamba Gurnah anaonyesha wahusika wake [[Waafrika]] katika uhusiano mpana na [[Dunia]] yote, akiwaona kama sehemu za Dunia kubwa inayoendelea kubadilikabadilika. Kufuatana na King, wahusika wa Gurnah mara nyingi ni watu walioondolewa katika asili zao, wanaokataliwa na [[jamii]] na kujisikia kama [[Mhanga|wahanga]] wa [[maisha]]<ref>King, Bruce (2006). "Abdulrazak Gurnah and Hanif Kureishi: Failed Revolutions". In Acheson, James; Ross, Sarah C.E. (eds.). The Contemporary British Novel Since 1980. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 85–94. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-73717-8_8. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-349-73717-8</nowiki>. OCLC 1104713636.</ref>. Mhakiki Felicity Hand aliona kuwa riwaya za ''Admiring Silence'', ''By the Sea'' na ''Desertion'', zote zinajadili [[hisia]] za kuwa mgeni na kukosa [[ndugu]] zinazotokea kwa watu waliopaswa kuondoka kwao na kukaa ugenini. <ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00111619.2014.884991 Felicity Hand, Searching for New Scripts: Gender Roles in ''Memory of Departure''</ref>

==Tuzo na heshima==
Gurnah ndiye mshindi wa [[tuzo ya Nobel]] ya fasihi ya mwaka 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2021/oct/07/abdulrazak-gurnah-wins-the-2021-nobel-prize-in-literature|title=Abdulrazak Gurnah wins the 2021 Nobel prize in literature|date=7 October 2021|access-date=10 October 2021|}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/tanzanian-writer-abdulrazak-gurnah-wins-2021-nobel-prize-literature-2021-10-07/|title=Tanzanian novelist Gurnah wins 2021 Nobel for depicting impact of colonialism, migration|date=7 October 2021|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa mmoja wa wanajumuiya ya kitaaluma ya fasihi ya ''[[Royal Society of Literature]]'' mwaka [[2006]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abdulrazak Gurnah|url=https://rsliterature.org/fellow/abdulrazak-gurnah-3/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010131256/https://rsliterature.org/fellow/abdulrazak-gurnah-3/|archive-date=10 October 2020|access-date=7 October 2021|publisher=[[Royal Society of Literature]]|language=en-GB|accessdate=2021-10-10|archivedate=2020-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010131256/https://rsliterature.org/fellow/abdulrazak-gurnah-3/}}</ref> Mwaka [[2007]] alishinda tuzo ya ''RFI Witness of the world'' nchini [[Ufaransa]] kupitia riwaya yake ya ''By the Sea''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/087/article_50171.asp|title=Abdulrazak Gurnah, Prix RFI Témoin du Monde 2007|work=RFI|language=fr|date=8 March 2007|access-date=8 October 2021|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314173945/http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/087/article_50171.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>

Tuzo nyingine alizowahi kushinda ni pamoja na tuzo ya [[waandishi]] wa [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] (Commonwealth Writers Prize (Eurasia Region, Best Book)) mwaka 2006, tuzo ya kitabu ya ''Los Angeles Times'' kwenye [[kundi]] la [[tamthiliya]] mwaka 2001 na tuzo ya ''Booker'' mwaka 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/abdulrazak-gurnah|title=Abdulrazak Gurnah|date=|access-date=10 October 2021|}}</ref>

==Orodha ya riwaya zake==
* ''Memory of Departure'' (1987)
* ''Pilgrims Way'' (1988)
* ''Dottie'' (1990)
* ''Paradise'' (1994)
* ''Admiring Silence'' (1996)
* ''By the Sea'' (2001)
* ''Desertion'' (2005)
* ''The Last Gift'' Bloomsbury, London 2011, ISBN 978-1-4088-1518-2.
* ''Gravel Heart'' Bloomsbury, London 2017, ISBN 978-1-4088-8130-9.
* ''Afterlives'' Bloomsbury, London 2020, ISBN 978-1-5266-1585-5.

==Tanbihi==
{{reflist}}
{{mbegu-mwandishi}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurnah, Abdulrazak}}
[[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]]
[[Jamii:Watu walio hai]]
[[Jamii:Watu wa Zanzibar]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]]
[[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kiingereza]]
[[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]]

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