Otot: Béda antarrépisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
m bot Nambih: sh:Mišići |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.3 |
||
| (30 révisi antara karya leuwih ti 22 pamaké teu ditémbongkeun) | |||
Baris ka-1:
[[
'''Otot'''
== Tipeu ==
Baris ka-16:
| year = 1991 | month = July
| title = MHC composition and enzyme-histochemical and physiological properties of a novel fast-twitch motor unit type
| journal = The American Journal of Physiology | volume = 261 | issue = 1 pt 1 | pages =
| id = PMID 1858863 | url = http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/261/1/C93
| accessdate = 11 June 2006
Baris ka-25:
| year = 1994 | month = December
| title = Type IIx myosin heavy chain transcripts are expressed in type IIb fibers of human skeletal muscle
| journal = The American Journal of Physiology | volume = 267 | issue = 6 pt 1 | pages =
| id = PMID 7545970 | url = http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/267/6/C1723
| accessdate = 11 June 2006
Baris ka-68:
[[Exercise]] is often recommended as a means of improving [[motor skill]]s, [[physical fitness|fitness]] and muscle strength. Exercise has several effects upon muscles, [[connective tissue]] and [[bone]], and the nerves that stimulate the muscles.
Various exercises require a predominance of certain muscle fiber utilization over another. Aerobic events, which rely primarily on the aerobic system, use a higher percentage of TYPE I or (slow-twitch) muscle fibers. Shorter events, which rely on the anaerobic energy delivery system, use predominantly TYPE II muscle fibers, or (fast-twitch) muscle fibers.
Humans are genetically predisposed with a larger percentage of one type of muscle group over another. An individual born with a greater percentage of TYPE I muscle fibers would theoretically be more adept at endurance events, such as triathlons, distance running, and long cycling events, whereas a human born with a greater percentage of TYPE II muscle fibers would be more likely to excel at anaerobic events such as a 200 meter dash, or weight lifting.
Baris ka-80:
During aging, there is a gradual decrease in the ability to maintain skeletal muscle function and mass. This condition is called "sarcopenia". The exact cause of sarcopenia is unknown, but it may be due to a combination of the gradual failure in the "satellite cells" which help to regenerate skeletal muscle fibers, and a decrease in sensitivity to or the availability of critical secreted growth factors which are necessary to maintain muscle mass and satellite cell survival.
In addition to the simple loss of muscle mass ([[atrophy]]), or the age-related decrease in muscle function (sarcopenia), there are other diseases which may be caused by structural defects in the muscle (the dystrophies), or by inflammatory reactions in the body directed against muscle (the myopathies).
Symptoms of muscle disease may include [[weakness]] or [[spasticity]]/rigidity, [[myoclonus]] (twitching) and [[myalgia]] (muscle pain). Diagnostic procedures that may reveal muscular disorders include testing [[creatine kinase]] levels in the blood and [[electromyography]] (measuring electrical activity in muscles). In some cases, [[muscle biopsy]] may be done to identify a [[myopathy]], as well as [[genetic testing]] to identify [[DNA]] abnormalities associated with specific myopathies.
Baris ka-88:
== The strongest human muscle ==
Depending on what definition of "strongest" is used, many different muscles in the human body can be characterized as being the "strongest."
In ordinary parlance, muscular "strength" usually refers to the ability to exert a [[force]] on an external
If "strength" refers to the force exerted by the muscle itself, e.g., on the place where it inserts into a bone, then the strongest muscles are those with the largest cross-sectional area at their belly. This is because the tension exerted by an individual skeletal (striated) [[muscle fiber]] does not vary much, either from muscle to muscle, or with length. Each fiber can exert a force on the order of 0.3 micronewtons. By this definition, the strongest muscle of the body is usually said to be the [[Quadriceps|Quadriceps femoris]] or the [[Gluteus maximus]].
Baris ka-98:
The external muscles of the eye are conspicuously large and strong in relation to the small size and weight of the [[eyeball]]. It is frequently said that they are "the strongest muscles for the job they have to do" and are sometimes claimed to be "100 times stronger than they need to be." Eye movements, however, probably do "need" to be exceptionally fast.
The unexplained statement that "the [[tongue]] is the strongest muscle in the body" appears frequently in lists of surprising facts, but it is difficult to find any definition of "strength" that would make this statement true. Note that the tongue consists of sixteen muscles, not one. The tongue may possibly be the strongest muscle at birth.
The [[heart]] has a claim to being the muscle that performs the largest quantity of physical work in the course of a lifetime. Estimates of the power output of the human heart range from 1 to 5 watts. This is much less than the maximum power output of other muscles; for example, the quadriceps can produce over 100 watts, but only for a few minutes. The heart does its work continuously over an entire lifetime without pause, and thus can "outwork" other muscles. An output of one watt continuously for seventy years yields a total work output of 2 to 3
== Efficiency ==
Baris ka-112:
== Rujukan ==
* ''[[:en:Muscle|Muscle]]'', Wikipédia édisi basa Inggris.
* Costill, David L and Wilmore, Jack H. (2004). ''Physiology of Sport and Exercise.'' Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. ISBN
* Phylogenetic Relationship of Muscle Tissues Deduced from Superimposition of Gene Trees, Satoshi OOta and Naruya Saitou, Mol. Biol. Evol. 16(6) 856-7, 1999
<!--
=== Catetan ===
Baris ka-119:
== Tumbu kaluar ==
* [http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2003/IradaMuslumova.shtml Physics factbook] (
* [http://www.akoa.org/story.dbm?sid=167 Alaska optometric association] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220085850/http://www.akoa.org/story.dbm?sid=167 |date=2006-02-20 }} (External eye muscles "100 times as strong as they need to be")
* [http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291-003/unit_7.htm course notes for a Virginia Commonwealth dance course] (Quadriceps "strongest")
* [http://www.dundee.ac.uk/medther/StrokeSSM/ClinExamNeuro.htm University of Dundee] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060107094530/http://www.dundee.ac.uk/medther/StrokeSSM/ClinExamNeuro.htm |date=2006-01-07 }} article on performing neurological examinations (Quadriceps "strongest")
* [http://www.coachesinfo.com/category/rowing/77/ Muscle efficiency in rowing]
* [http://www.gssiweb.com/reflib/attachment.cfm?id=11 "Gatorade Sports Science Institute" on muscle efficiency in cyclists (PDF)]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.svacina.com/triggerpoints.html Trigger Point Therapy for Myofascial Pain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708045337/http://www.svacina.com/triggerpoints.html |date=2006-07-08 }}
* [http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/muscle/mustut.htm Human Muscle Tutorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19980221073751/http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/muscle/mustut.htm |date=1998-02-21 }} (
== Baca ogé ==
* [[Daptar otot awak manusa]]
* [[Miopati]] (patologi sél otot)
* [[Miotomi]]
* [[Atrofi]]
* [[Atrofi otot]]
* [[Otot rangka]]
{{pondok}}
Baris 143 ⟶ 142:
[[Kategori:Sistim otot]]
[[Kategori:Jaringan]]
[[Kategori:Anatomi]]
[[Kategori:Fisiologi olahraga]]
| |||