Sovjetsko-japonska vojna
Sovjetsko–japonska vojna,[11] v Mongoliji znana kot osvobodilna vojna leta 1945,[12] je bil vojaški spopad med drugo svetovno vojno, ki se je začel kmalu po sovjetski vojni napovedi Japonski 7. avgusta 1945, ki ji je sledila sovjetska invazija na japonsko marionetno državo Mandžuko. Sovjeti in Mongoli so končali japonski nadzor Mandžuka, Mengdžianga (notranja Mongolija), severne Koreje, Karafuta (južni Sahalin) in otokov Čišima (Kurilski otoki). Poraz japonske vojske Kvantung je pomagal približati japonsko kapitulacijo in konec druge svetovne vojne.[13][14] Sovjetski vstop v vojno je bil pomemben dejavnik pri odločitvi japonske vlade za brezpogojno predajo, saj je bilo jasno, da ZSSR ne namerava biti tretja stran v pogajanjih za prekinitev sovražnosti pod določenimi pogoji.[5][15][16][17][18][19]
| Sovjetsko-japonska vojna | |||||||||
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| Del vojne za Tihi ocean in druge kitajsko-japonske vojne druge svetovne vojne | |||||||||
 Ameriški in sovjetski mornarji skupaj praznujejo dan zmage nad Japonsko | |||||||||
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| Udeleženci | |||||||||
| Poveljniki in vodje | |||||||||
| Udeležene enote | |||||||||
 Mandžuška Imperialna vojska Mengdžiangska narodna vojska | |||||||||
| Moč | |||||||||
Sovjetska zveza:
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Japonska:
Mandžuko:
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| Žrtve in izgube | |||||||||
Sovjetsko daljnevzhodno poveljstvo[20] pod poveljstvom Vasiljevskega je imelo načrt za osvojitev Mandžurije, ki je bil preprost, a ogromen v obsegu,[5] saj je načrtoval masiven kleščasti manever čez celo Mandžurijo. Kleščasti manever naj bi izvedla Transbajkalska fronta z zahoda, 1. daljnevzhodna fronta z vzhoda in 2. daljnevzhodna fronta naravnost s severa.[20] To je bil edini sovjetski primer poveljstva teatra med vojno, Daljnevzhodno poveljstvo, ki so ga sestavljale tri rdečerarmejske fronte.
Vsaka fronta je imela frontne enote neposredno pod svojim nadzorom brez ravni armad vmes.[5] Sile so obsegale 89 divizij z 1,5 milijona vojakov, 3704 tanke, 1852 kosov samovozne artilerije, 85.819 vozil in 3721 letal.[5]
Transbajkalski fronti je poveljeval maršal Rodion Jakovljevič Malinovski in naj bi napadla čez puščave Notranje Mongolije in gore Velikega Higana.[20] 1. daljnevzhodni fronti je poveljeval maršal Kirill Afanasjevič Mereckov in naj bi predstavljala vzhodni krak klešč – njen prvi cilj je bil zasesti mesto Mudandžiang,[5] nato naj bi zavzela Džilin in Harbin[5] in se na koncu srečala z enotami Transbajkalske fronte. 2. daljnevzhodni fronti je poveljeval general Maksim Aleksejevič Purkajev in je bila v podporni vlogi.[5] Njena cilja sta bili mesti Harbin in Cicihar.[20]
Sklici
uredi- ↑ The 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th Cavalry Divisions of the People's Revolutionary Army, Special Cavalry Committees, 7th Mechanized Armored Brigade, Tank, Artillery, Road Transport and Communications Special Committees, Air Force Division, and the main unit of the special branch of chemical engineering. border military detachments, outposts, and units of the People's Self-Defense Voluntary Cavalry Detachment
- ↑ According to statistics compiled in 1964 by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare's Relief Bureau, by 22 August 1945 there were 665,500 military personnel remaining in Manchuria, 335,900 in Korea, and 91,000 in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and the Aleutian Islands. These numbers do not appear to factor in casualties incurred during the Soviet-Japanese War, because the total for Army personnel in Manchuria, 664,000, almost exactly corresponds to the total given in JM-155 for the Kwantung Army minus the 34th Army in Korea, 663,625.
- 2012 letal (635 bojnih)[3]
- ↑ There were an additional 8 Japanese aircraft involved in the Battle of Shumshu.
- ↑ 41,199 is the listed total of Japanese soldiers in Soviet custody on 19 August, two days after the surrender of the Kwantung Army by order of Hirohito and four days after Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan. Post-war, 594,000 to 609,000 Japanese soldiers ended up in Soviet custody.
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 378
- ↑ Australia-Japan Research Project: Dispositions and Deaths, Retrieved 4/23/2021
- ↑ Final Report, Demobilization and Disarmament of the Japanese Armed Forces, 30 December 1946 Part IV, Inclosure no. 51. Retrieved 4/23/2021
- ↑ Jowett, str. 53.
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6 5,7 LTC David M. Glantz, "August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria" Arhivirano 2021-08-25 na Wayback Machine.. Leavenworth Papers No. 7, Combat Studies Institute, February 1983, Fort Leavenworth Kansas.
- ↑ Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN 0-7006-0899-0, p. 300
- ↑ G. F. Krivosheev, ed., Russia and the USSR in twentieth century wars: A statistical survey. Moscow: Olma-press, 2001, page 309.
- ↑ JM-154 p. 69, JM-155 pp.266–267. According to page 69 of JM-154, First Area Army suffered approximately 40,000 total battle casualties, of whom 14,508 were killed in action (JM-155 pp.266–67). Applying this proportion (c. 36.25%) to the total of 21,389 KIAs suffered by the Kwantung Army in Manchuria and 700 to 2,000 deaths on Sakhalin, plus 190 dead and 400 wounded on Shumshu Island gives an approximate total of 40,000 WIAs for the entire campaign.
- ↑ Cherevko, Kirill Evgen'evich (2003). Серп и молот против самурайского меча [Hammer and Sickle vs Samurai Sword]. Moscow: Veche. ISBN 5-94538-328-7. p. 41.
- ↑ Coox, Alvin D. (1990) [1985]. Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. str. 1176. ISBN 9780804718356. Pridobljeno 9. februarja 2017.
- ↑ (rusko Советско-японская война; japonsko ソ連対日参戦, latinizirano: soren tai nichi sansen, dob. 'Soviet Union entry into war against Japan'; kitajsko: 苏日战争)
- ↑ (mongolsko 1945 оны чөлөөлөх дайн, latinizirano: 1945 ony chölöölökh dain)
- ↑ The Associated Press (8. avgust 2005). »A Soviet Push Helped Force Japan to Surrender«. The Moscow Times. Arhivirano iz prvotnega spletišča dne 12. decembra 2013.
- ↑ Lekic, Slobodan (22. avgust 2010). »How the Soviets helped Allies defeat Japan«. San Francisco Chronicle.
- ↑ Hayashi, S. (1955). Study of Strategic and Tactical peculiarities of Far Eastern Russia and Soviet Far East Forces. Japanese Special Studies on Manchuria (poročilo). Zv. XIII. Tokyo: Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army.
- ↑ Butow, Robert Joseph Charles (1956). Japan's decision to surrender. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804704601.
- ↑ Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire, Penguin, 2001 ISBN 978-0-14-100146-3. (Extracts on-line)
- ↑ Tsuyoshi Hasegawa (2006). Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan. Belknap Press. str. 298. ISBN 0-674-01693-9.
- ↑ Drea, E. J. (1984). »Missing Intentions: Japanese Intelligence and the Soviet Invasion of Manchuria, 1945«. Military Affairs. 48 (2): 66–73. doi:10.2307/1987650. JSTOR 1987650.
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 20,3 "Battlefield Manchuria – The Forgotten Victory", Battlefield, 2001, 98 minutes.